Varicose veins

Question 1

What are varicose veins defined as ?

Answer 1

Superficial veins measuring more than3mm in diameter

Question 2

What are the changes seen in chronic venous insufficiency

Answer 2

Brown discolouration to legs
Venous eczema due to inflammation from pooled blood
Lipodermatosclerosis - narrow and hard lower legs

Question 3

What are risk factors for varicose veins

Answer 3

Increasing age
Family history
Female
Pregnancy
Obesity
Prolonged standing (e.g., occupations involving standing for long periods)
Deep vein thrombosis (causing damage to the valves)

Question 4

What are simple measures for varicose veins?

Answer 4

Weight loss
Physical activity
keep legs elevated
Compression stockings

Question 5

What are surgical options?

Answer 5

Endothermal ablation
Sclerotherapy
Stripping - veins ligated and pulled out of the leg

Question 6

What are the complications of varicose veins

Answer 6

Prolonged and heavy bleeding after trauma
Superficial thrombophlebitis
DVT
Chronic venous insufficiency