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inflammation > varicella zoster > Flashcards

varicella zoster Flashcards

1
Q

What is the eclipse phase?

A

period from virus entry to when new infectious virions are released

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2
Q

What is the incubation period?

A

the interval between exposure and the appearance of a sign of infection

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3
Q

What is the prodrome?

A

non-specific symptoms which appear before more specific features

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4
Q

What is Ro?

A

Reproductive number, average number of secondary cases arising from one case (in totally susceptible population)

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5
Q

What is the name of the family which varicella zoster belongs to?

A

herpesviridae

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6
Q

What are some features of the herpesviridae family?

A

large double stranded dna genome, icosahedral capsid, lipid envelope derived from host cell bearing virus encoded glycoproteins, highly species specific

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7
Q

Which herpes virus subfamily contains HSV-1, HSV-2 and VSV?

A

alphaherpesviridae

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8
Q

Which herpes virus is genital and which is oral?

A

HSV-1 = oral, HSV-2 = genital

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9
Q

What are the betaherpesvirinae?

A

subfamily that only cause illness in immunocompromised hosts or fetuses, eg CMV

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10
Q

Name two gammaherpesvirinae, associated with malignancy

A

epstein-barr, human herpesvirus 8

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11
Q

What is the difference between latent and lytic infection?

A

Lytic: host cells are productively infected, new virions made
Latent: after primary infection, virus persist in cells, no new virions made

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12
Q

Which antibody indicates herpesviridae infection?

A

IgG +ve

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13
Q

Name two antiviral agents that inhibit DNA polymerase and control productive herpes infections (cannot eradicate latent)

A

aciclovir

ganciclovir

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14
Q

Where is VSV latent infection found?

A

dorsal root or cranial nerve ganglia

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15
Q

How does reactivation of VSV occur?

A

virus travels down sensory nerves, produces painful vesicle in dermatome

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16
Q

What is the incubation period of varicella?

A

10 - 21 days

17
Q

What is the prodrome of varicella?

A

fever, pharyngitis, malaise

18
Q

Complete this:

Macule–> papule –>……..–> pustule –> …..

A

vesicle, , crusts

19
Q

What are some complications of varicella?

A

haemorrhagic varicella (bleed into lesions, found in immunocompromised), pneumonia (adults), acute cerebellar ataxia (children), encephalitis, secondary bacterial infection

20
Q

What is the difference between an exanthem and enanthem?

A

an exanthem is a rash on the outside of the body, an enanthem is on the inside of the body, e.g mucus membranes

21
Q

Which antibodies persist after VZV infection>

A

VZV IgG and IgA

22
Q

Which immune cells control latent VZV

A

t cells

23
Q

What are some clinical features of zoster?

A

unilateral, 1-2 dermatomes involved

24
Q

what are some potential complications of zoster?

A

involvement of eye (opthalmic division of trigeminal nerve) leading to acute retinal necrosis, post-herpetc neuralgia, vasculopathy, meningitis, meningoencephalitis, myelopathy, cerebellitis

25
Q

which dermatomes are most commonly affected in zoster?

A

thoracic, then cranial, then trigeminal, then lumbosacral

26
Q

what does porn stand for?

A

progressive outer retinal necrosis

27
Q

by what route is varicella spread?

A

respiratory, skin lesions are infectious until crusted over, vertical

28
Q

Is zoster infectious?

A

yes, bt will give you varicella rash not zoster rash - that only comes with reactivation

29
Q

Describe congenital varicella

A

maternal varicella in first 20 weeks gestation, can result in fetal defects, maternal shingles doesnt damage fetus

30
Q

Describe neonatal varicella

A

maternal, 7 days before or after delivery, high mortality in newborn

31
Q

name 3 drugs that could be used as post-exposure prophylaxis for vsv

A

aciclovir, varivax vaccine, vzig (varicella zoster hyperimmune globulin, passive immunisation)

32
Q

name 3 groups susceptible to severe vsv infection

A

immunocompromised, pregnant, neonates

33
Q

name 3 first line anti-viral agents for vzv

A

aciclovir, valaciclovir, famciclovir

34
Q

in what age groups in the uk is the zoster vaccine recommended

A

70 and 78/79

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