blood count Flashcards
What is the normal range for Hb for men?
130-170
What is the normal Hb range for women?
115 - 145
What is normal range for platelets?
150-400
What is the normal range for white blood cells?
4-11
What is the normal range for neutrophils?
2.2-6
What is the normal range for lymphocytes?
1.1-3.5
What is the normal range for monocytes?
0.2 - 0.6
What is the normal range for eosinophils
0.02 - 0.67
What is the normal range for basophils?
men: 0 women: 0.03
What are causes of lymphocytosis
predominantly viral (measles, chicken pox, cmv, influenza), some bacterial (tb, pertussis), tissue infarction, stress related (MI, trauma, obstetric complications), cigarette smoking, allergic reactions, splenectomy (lifelong lymphocytosis), haematological malignancies (leukaemia, lymphoma)
What are causes of red cell agglutination?
Infections (HIV, EBV, mycoplasma), chronic lymphoproliferative disorders, autoimmune (rheumatoid, SLE), idiopathic
What are the blood film changes of bacterial sepsis?
toxic granulation, vacuolation, left shifted granulocytes, leucoerythroblastic (immature RBCs), dohle bodies.
What are some blood count findings of bacterial sepsis?
neutrophilia, thrombocytopenia or thrombocytosis, anaemia
What are some causes of neutrophilia?
Infectiom, tissue damage (trauma, surgery, burns), tissue infarction, inflammation (RA, gout, UC, scleroderma), haemorrhage, hypoxia, smoking, medications (corticosteroids, lithium, adrenaline), haematological malignancies
What are some blood count and blood film changes associated with malaria?
anaemia, thrombocytopenia, lymphopenia/lymphocytosis, early neutrophilia, neutropenia, monocytosis
What are some causes of red cell fragments?
microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia, malignant hypertension, autoimmune diseases (SLE, scleroderma), DIC, vascular malformations, prosthetic valves
What are some blood findings of TB?
Monocytosis, anaemia of chronic disease
What are some blood findings of HIV?
lymphopenia, CD8 lymphocytosis, pancytopenia, autoimmune haemolysis, immune thrombocytopenia, thrombotic thrombocytopenia purpura
What are some causes of monocytosis?
TB, syphilis, chronic inflammation (crohns, UC, RA, SLE) carcinoma, MI, PE, leukaemia
What are some causes of lymphopenia?
common finding, HIV, acute infection, autoimmune (SLE, rheumatoid), anorexia, alcohol, exercise, medication (steroids, chemo), lymphoma
What are some causes of eosinophilia?
eczema, asthma, hay fever, drug hypersensitivity, parasitic infection, autoimmune (SLE, RA, sclerosis etc), lymphoma, leukaemia, crohns, UC
What are some causes of haemolysis?
microangiopathic haemolytic disorders, G6PD dficiency, transfusion reaction, drugs, snake venom, severe burns
What are the reasons for anaemia of inflammation?
inflammatory cytokines suppress erythropoiesis
reduced EPO production and responsiveness
altered iron metabolism and sequestration in macrophages, promoted by increased hepcidin levels due to cytokines
reduced red cell lifespan
What are some differences in blood findings between iron deficiency and anaemia of inflammation?
ferritin is decreased in i.d, but normal or high in a.o.i
Total iron binding capacity and soluble transferrin receptor are increased in i.d but normal or decreased in a.o.i
Bone marrow iron is absent in i.d but present in a.o.i.
CRP is normal in i.d. but increased in a.o.i
What are some blood findings in chronic liver failure?
elevated MCV, low platelets, anaemia, neutropenia, acanthocytes and target cells on blood film
What are some blood findings in chronic renal failure?
anaemia, platelet dysfunction, echinocytes on blood film
