Variation and Coordination Flashcards
Describe functional variability:
- we need to know what thing is being varied, in response to what, to keep what constant
- variability can serve a functional purpose
- establish the effect on the task
- coaches should be aware of adjustments - to either coach people to take in/how they use the info.
- what perceptual information is used?
- provide specifying information in training - coaches are strongly encouraged to develop the learners movement pattern to fit the ‘gold standard’
Describe the dynamical systems theory:
Dynamical systems theory - everyone’s movement is different, with most optimal movement pattern for each person is different. There are 3 key things that influence this(individual, task and environment)
How is variation measured?
- Continuous measure - continuously changing
- Discrete measure- changes at 1 time point
What are the discrete measures of variability?
- parametric
– standard deviation - smaller is more consistent(absolute measure)
– coefficient of variation (SD / mean) - relative measure, to actual values - non-parametric
– interquartile range - not effected by skew of data
– median absolute deviation - from the median. What is the average amount that you vary from the Avg
What are the 3 factors in Newell’s interpretation during motor learning?
- coordination: the function that constrains degrees of freedom into a behavioural unit (Newell, 1985)
- The relationship between 2 things. We are interested in interlimb/interjoint coordination
- The function that constrains potentially free variables into a task-relevant behavioural unit with practice
- control: the process of parameterising, scaling, or tuning of the coordination function (Newell, 1985)
- Velocity, force and coordination are included in this
- performance outcome: the product or result of an action (Newell, 1996)
Continuous relative phase has been used to study coordination in a range of movement tasks
What is coordination?
What are the different types of coordination patterns?
- Coordination is the process by which the components of the movement system are assembled into proper relations with each other during goal-directed activity
- in-phase: both segments rotate in the same direction
- anti-phase: both segments rotate in an opposite direction
- proximal dominancy: the proximal segment is the dominant contributor to relative movement
- distal dominancy: the distal segment is the dominant contributor to relative movement
What is quantitative assessment of coordination?
the vector orienation between 2 adjacent data points on an angle-angle diagram relative to the right horizontal.
- outcome measure is called: coupling angle
What is segmental dominancy profile?
What is inter-data point RoM?
- provides info on coupling angle distribution within a coordination pattern classification
- provides info on patterns of control, in each instant of time
Explain the continuous relative phase:
similar to coupling angle, done for each joint individually then compared
* Step 1: Phase plane
- Standardised from -1 to 1
- Accelerate & decelerate movement, then the same process to slow it down. e.g.: knee angle against thigh angular velocity
* Step 2: phase angle
- Polar co-ordinate (angle) for each data point. using TOA
* Step 3: continuous relative phase
- Difference between phase angles for 2 segments
- 0 degrees means no difference
180 degrees is completely anti-phase as it is the biggest difference possible
What was noticed about successful learners coordination hip action?
- The combination of these requirements with physiological and environmental constraints that define a successful solution space
- If the novices do not have the requisite physical characteristics, such as strength or flexibility, the number of possible successful techniques will be smaller
- resent research indicate that the relative timing of the actions at the shoulder and hip are important.
- Successful novices are closer to the expert’s coordination than the unsuccessful novices is from maxi-mum hip extension, through minimum hip flexion and the following extension, as might be expected from the previous literature
- Successful people got much closer to the elite between session 1-5
The closely in-phase hip and shoulder joint coupling near the lower vertical position (270° in the circle angle) for the expert gymnasts
- importance of investigating individual’s movement patterns and their outcome but further support needed for the closely in-phase nature of hip and shoulder coordination of expert gymnasts performing the long-swing.
