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Biology - Core > Variation > Flashcards

Variation Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the five kingdoms?

A

Plants, animals, fungi, protoctists and prokaryotes

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2
Q

What is an autotroph?

A

An organism that makes it own food

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3
Q

What is a saprophyte?

A

Feed off dead organisms

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4
Q

Features of animals

A

Multicellular, don’t have a cell wall or chlorophyll

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5
Q

Features of plants

A

Autotrophs, multicellular and have rigid cell walls

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6
Q

Features of fungi

A

Saprophytes, multicellular and have cell walls but no chlorophyll

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7
Q

Features of protoctists

A

Unicellular with nucleus

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8
Q

Features of prokaryotes

A

Unicellular with no nucleus

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9
Q

What is the order of classification

A

Kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus , species

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10
Q

What is a vertabrate

A

Has a back bone

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11
Q

What is an invertebrate

A

Don’t have an internal skeleton

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12
Q

How are vertebrates classed

A

How they absorb oxygen
How they reproduce
How they regulate body temperature

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13
Q

What does oviparous mean?

A

Lay eggs

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14
Q

What does viviparous mean?

A

Give birth to live young

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15
Q

What is a homeotherm?

A

Warm blood through homeostasis

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16
Q

What is a poikilotherm?

A

Cold blooded, temperature changes with surroundings

17
Q

What is a ring species

A

A group of related populations living in neighbouring areas. Populations near each other can interbreed to produce fertile offspring

18
Q

What is the binomial system

A

Each species given a two part Latin name. The first is genus and second is species

19
Q

What does the binomial system help scientists do

A

Identify
Study
Conserve

20
Q

What is variation

A

Organisms in the same species have differences

21
Q

What is variation caused by

A

Genes
Environment
Mutations

22
Q

What characteristics can only be determined by genes

A

Eye colour, blood group, inherited disorders

23
Q

What environmental characteristics cause variation

A

Diet, exercise, temperature, light level, amount of water

24
Q

Why can’t plants grow in the deep sea

A

No light

25
Q

How are deep sea fish adapted to their surroundings

A

Some emit light to attract prey
Have huge mouths
Have huge eyes and feelers

26
Q

How are polar bears adapted to the arctic

A 
Small surface area- don't lose heat
Thick blubber for insulation 
Hairy coats to trap warm air
Greasy fur to prevent evaporation 
Big feet to spread weight
White fur for camouflage
27
Q

How are penguins adapted to the Antarctic

A

Insulating fat
Huddle together
Streamlined body

28
Q

What is natural selection

A

Stronger organism lube are more likely to survive

29
Q

What DNA research support evolution

A

We shared common ancestors

Closely related species diverged recently

30
Q

How do resistant organisms support evolution

A

Warfarin used to kill rays but a gene gave them resistance so these rats are more likely to survive

31
Q

What is speciation

A

Development of a new species - this happens when populations of the same species become so different they can’t interbreed

32
Q

What part of cells contain chromosomes

A

Nucleus

33
Q

How many chromosomes in each nucleus

A

23 pairs

34
Q

What do chromosomes contain

A

Genes

35
Q

What do genes do

A

Control development of different characteristics

36
Q

What does homozygous mean

A

Two alleles for the same gene are the same

37
Q

What is cystic fibrosis

A

A genetic disorder of cell membranes - causes mucus to block air passages and gut. Can cause breathing difficulties, lung infections and fertility problems

38
Q

What is sickle cell anaemia

A

A genetic disorder that changes shape of red blood cells - deprives body of oxygen, causes painful joints and muscles, fever and anaemia

Biology - Core (3 decks)

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