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Biology - Core > Inter Relationships > Flashcards

Inter Relationships Flashcards

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1
Q

What are drugs

A

Chemical substances that affect the CNS

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2
Q

What is drug tolerance

A

Body gets used to it so higher doses are needed to give the same effect

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3
Q

What is a depressant (alcohol)

A

Decreases brain activity so slows down responses

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4
Q

What is a stimulant (nicotine)

A

Increase brain activity and speeds up reactions

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5
Q

What are painkillers (morphine)

A

Decrease feeling of pain by blocking nerve Impulses

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6
Q

What are hallucinogens (LSD)

A

Distort what is seen and heard by altering nerve pathways

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7
Q

What problems do smoking cause?

A

Contains carbon monoxide - combines with haemoglobin in red blood cells so blood carries less oxygen
Contains carcinogens like tar which cause cancer
Contains nicotine which makes it addictive

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8
Q

Short term effects of alcohol

A

Slows reactions
Blurred vision
Lower inhibitions

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9
Q

Long term effects of alcohol

A

Poisonous so kills liver cells - cirrhosis which means liver can’t clean blood
Brain damage

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10
Q

What are pathogens

A

Microorganisms that cause disease

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11
Q

How are pathogens spread

A 
Water - cholera 
Food - salmonella 
Air - influenza 
Contact - athletes foot
Body fluids - HIV
Animal Vectors - malaria and dysentery
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12
Q

What physical barriers stop pathogens

A

Skins - clots quickly when cut

Respiratory system - lined with mucus and cilia

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13
Q

What chemical barriers stop pathogens

A

Eyes - tears contain lysozyme

Stomach - hydrochloric acid

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14
Q

What are antiseptics

A

Used outside of the body to stop disease spreading

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15
Q

What are antibiotics

A

Either antibacterial or antifungal and inside the body

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16
Q

What is the source of energy for most organisms

A

Sun

17
Q

What happens at each trophic level

A

Energy is lost through feaces respiration movement

18
Q

What does a pyramid of biomass show

A

Weight

19
Q

What is a parasite

A

Live in/on a host and takes what they need without giving anything back

20
Q

Examples of parasites

A

Fleas
Head lice
Tapeworms
Mistletoe

21
Q

What are nitrogen fixing bacteria in legumes

A

Live in root nodules and turns nitrogen into nitrates for the plant

22
Q

What are chemosynthetic bacteria in deep sea vents

A

Live inside giant worms or molluscs and turns seawater into chemicals for food

23
Q

Why is the population increasing rapidly

A

Modern medicine and farming methods

24
Q

How does the increasing population affect the environment

A

Non-renewable energy resources being used up
More waste
More phosphates, nitrates and sulfur dioxide

25
Q

What is eutrophication

A

Nitrates from farms wash into rivers and likes which cause plants to flourish which use up all the oxygen and causes other organism to die

26
Q

Problems with recycling

A

Uses energy
Time consuming
Equipment is expensive

27
Q

What indicator species show water pollution

A

Blood worms

Sludge worms

28
Q

What indicator species show clean water

A

Stonefly larvae

Freshwater shrimp

29
Q

What indicator species show sulfur dioxide in air

A

Some lichens

30
Q

What indicator species shows clean air

A

Black spot fungus

31
Q

What non living indicators show pollution

A

Dissolved oxygen meters in water

Electronic meters detect sulfur dioxide

32
Q

How is CO2 put in the air

A

Burning fossil fuels
Respiration
Decay by bacteria and fungi

33
Q

How is CO2 taken out of the air

A

Photosynthesis

34
Q

Bacteria in the nitrogen cycle

A

Decomposed bacteria: decompose proteins and urea into ammonia
Nitrifying bacteria: ammonia to nitrates
Nitrogen fixing bacteria: nitrogen into nitrates
Denitrifying bacteria: nitrates to nitrogen

Biology - Core (3 decks)

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