Inter Relationships

Question 1

What are drugs

Answer 1

Chemical substances that affect the CNS

Question 2

What is drug tolerance

Answer 2

Body gets used to it so higher doses are needed to give the same effect

Question 3

What is a depressant (alcohol)

Answer 3

Decreases brain activity so slows down responses

Question 4

What is a stimulant (nicotine)

Answer 4

Increase brain activity and speeds up reactions

Question 5

What are painkillers (morphine)

Answer 5

Decrease feeling of pain by blocking nerve Impulses

Question 6

What are hallucinogens (LSD)

Answer 6

Distort what is seen and heard by altering nerve pathways

Question 7

What problems do smoking cause?

Answer 7

Contains carbon monoxide - combines with haemoglobin in red blood cells so blood carries less oxygen
Contains carcinogens like tar which cause cancer
Contains nicotine which makes it addictive

Question 8

Short term effects of alcohol

Answer 8

Slows reactions
Blurred vision
Lower inhibitions

Question 9

Long term effects of alcohol

Answer 9

Poisonous so kills liver cells - cirrhosis which means liver can’t clean blood
Brain damage

Question 10

What are pathogens

Answer 10

Microorganisms that cause disease

Question 11

How are pathogens spread

Answer 11

Water - cholera 
Food - salmonella 
Air - influenza 
Contact - athletes foot
Body fluids - HIV
Animal Vectors - malaria and dysentery

Question 12

What physical barriers stop pathogens

Answer 12

Skins - clots quickly when cut

Respiratory system - lined with mucus and cilia

Question 13

What chemical barriers stop pathogens

Answer 13

Eyes - tears contain lysozyme

Stomach - hydrochloric acid

Question 14

What are antiseptics

Answer 14

Used outside of the body to stop disease spreading

Question 15

What are antibiotics

Answer 15

Either antibacterial or antifungal and inside the body

Question 16

What is the source of energy for most organisms

Answer 16

Sun

Question 17

What happens at each trophic level

Answer 17

Energy is lost through feaces respiration movement

Question 18

What does a pyramid of biomass show

Answer 18

Weight

Question 19

What is a parasite

Answer 19

Live in/on a host and takes what they need without giving anything back

Question 20

Examples of parasites

Answer 20

Fleas
Head lice
Tapeworms
Mistletoe

Question 21

What are nitrogen fixing bacteria in legumes

Answer 21

Live in root nodules and turns nitrogen into nitrates for the plant

Question 22

What are chemosynthetic bacteria in deep sea vents

Answer 22

Live inside giant worms or molluscs and turns seawater into chemicals for food

Question 23

Why is the population increasing rapidly

Answer 23

Modern medicine and farming methods

Question 24

How does the increasing population affect the environment

Answer 24

Non-renewable energy resources being used up
More waste
More phosphates, nitrates and sulfur dioxide

Question 25

What is eutrophication

Answer 25

Nitrates from farms wash into rivers and likes which cause plants to flourish which use up all the oxygen and causes other organism to die

Question 26

Problems with recycling

Answer 26

Uses energy Time consuming Equipment is expensive

Question 27

What indicator species show water pollution

Answer 27

Blood worms | Sludge worms

Question 28

What indicator species show clean water

Answer 28

Stonefly larvae | Freshwater shrimp

Question 29

What indicator species show sulfur dioxide in air

Answer 29

Some lichens

Question 30

What indicator species shows clean air

Answer 30

Black spot fungus

Question 31

What non living indicators show pollution

Answer 31

Dissolved oxygen meters in water | Electronic meters detect sulfur dioxide

Question 32

How is CO2 put in the air

Answer 32

Burning fossil fuels Respiration Decay by bacteria and fungi

Question 33

How is CO2 taken out of the air

Answer 33

Photosynthesis

Question 34

Bacteria in the nitrogen cycle

Answer 34

Decomposed bacteria: decompose proteins and urea into ammonia Nitrifying bacteria: ammonia to nitrates Nitrogen fixing bacteria: nitrogen into nitrates Denitrifying bacteria: nitrates to nitrogen