Variation Flashcards

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1
Q

Give and explain 2 reasons why measurements may not be representative.

A

Sampling bias- investigators may be making unrepresentative choices, either deliberately or unwittingly.

Chance- even when bias is avoided, the individuals chosen May, by pure chance, not be representative.

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2
Q

Describe a way to prevent sampling bias.

A

Use random sampling -

-(e.g. Dividing an area into a grid and randomly choose coordinates to take a sample from the intersects of the grid)

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3
Q

Describe 2 ways in which chance can be minimised from a sampling process.

A

1) Using a large sample size - the more individuals selected, the smaller the probability that chance will influence the result.
2) Analysis of data collected - using statistical test to determine the extent to which chance may have influenced he data.

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4
Q

Name and describe the factors can cause genetic differences in sexually reproducing organisms.

A

Mutations- changes in genes may or may not be passed on the the next generation
Meiosis- the production of gametes, mixing up genetic material which are passed into different gametes
Fusion of gametes- which gametes fuse with which is random at fertilisation, further increasing the parent’s variety of offspring.

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5
Q

Name the 2 main factors in the cause of variation.

A

Genetic Differences

Environmental influences

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6
Q

Name some environmental factors that could affect a species of plant’s variation.

A

Climate conditions (e.g. Temperature, rainfall and sunlight)
Soil conditions
pH
Food availability

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7
Q

Name the factor for genetic variation in asexually reproducing organisms.

A

Mutation

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8
Q

Give the names of the variation between different and similar species.

A

Interspecific variation- variation between species

Intraspecific variation- variation within a species

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9
Q

Explain why a biologist chose to examine 200 cells

A

Ensures a more representative sample

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10
Q

Explain how the standard deviation helps in the interpretation of data.

A

Shows the spread of data around the mean
Overlap = no difference / due to chance / not significant
Low SD values shows results are more reliable/repeatable

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11
Q

Explain the importance of scientists choosing the sites to collect insects at random

A

Removed bias

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