Variables

Question 1

The topic must not have been used ORIGINAL by many researchers

Answer 1

Novelty

Question 2

Since this is practical research, it is suggested that you think of study

Answer 2

Availability of Subjects

Question 3

Refers to the aid or assistance that can be solicited from the school or extended by the community

Answer 3

Administrative Support

Question 4

Devices such as computers, telephones, wifi etc.

Answer 4

Availability and Adequacy o of Facilities and Equipment

Question 5

Ensure that all activities to be undertaken are acceptable and are done in accordance with what is legal and morally right

Answer 5

Ethical Considerations

Question 6

Constitute the researcher’s knowledge, expertise, and experience in order for him/her to cope with the research demands

Answer 6

Experience Training and Professional Qualifications

Question 7

These are essential attitudes that bring anticipated satisfaction, completion of research or enjoyment in the tasks

Answer 7

Motivation, Interest, Intellectual Curiosity and Perceptiveness of the Researcher

Question 8

Considers the fact that studies must be pursued in a given time frame

Answer 8

Time Factor

Question 9

The amount of funding necessary, depends on the size of the sample, the place where the research is to be conducted, the research design, and the treatment of data.

Answer 9

Cost and Return

Question 10

Hazards, penalties and Handicap Social and intellectual capacity and moral judgment

Answer 10

Hazards, penalties and Handicaps

Question 11

-designed to produce results that expand knowledge about particular phenomenon
-a type of research that answers questions such as what, why, and how
-may not have immediate commercial applications
-may not necessarily solve a practical problem

Answer 11

Basic Research

Question 12

-aims to solve specific societal or environmental problems
-knowledge generated has a specific commercial value
-main goal of an applied research is to discover a solution to a practical problem

Answer 12

Applied Research

Question 13

The answer to these questions will determine the difference between a basic research and an applied research.
Is the research conducted to contribute to the body of knowledge?
Is it in response to a societal problem?
Both types of research follow the same steps of scientific inquiry to arrive at conclusions.

Answer 13

Basic and Applied Research

Question 14

•Theoretical
•For the expansion of knowledge
Examples:
Genetic diversity
Ecological patterns
Biodiversity studies
Host-parasite interactions
Characterization of organisms Chemical-structure elucidation
Phylogenetic study of organisms Determination of ecological factors

Answer 14

Basic Research (vs)

Question 15

•Practical
•For the betterment of the quality of life
Examples:
Vaccine development
Alternative energy sources
Biomaterials characterization
Identification of antibacterials
Development of diagnostic kits
Low-cost instrumentation development Production of genetically modified organisms

Answer 15

Applied Research (vs)

Question 16

-an entity that take on different values
-anything that can be considered a variable; these are needed to understand difference
-an aspect of a theory that can vary or change as part of the interaction within a theory
-anything that can affect or change the results of a study

Answer 16

Variable

Question 17

Variable Classifications

Answer 17

• Numeric
• Categorical
• Experimental
• Non-Experimental

Question 18

Variables with values that describe a:
•Measurable
•Numerical
•Quantity

Answer 18

NUMERIC

Question 19

• It answers the question “How many” or “How much”
• Considered as Quantitative Data

Answer 19

NUMERIC VARIABLE

Question 20

2 Types of Numeric Variable:

Answer 20

Continuous/Interval Variable
Discrete Variables

Question 21

Assume any value BETWEEN a certain set of real numbers depending on the scale used.

Answer 21

Continuous/Interval Variable

Question 22

Can only assume any WHOLE value within the limits of the given variables.

Answer 22

Discrete Variables

Question 23

Variable with values that describe a Quality or Characteristic of a data unit

Answer 23

CATEGORICAL

Question 24

It answers the question “What type” or “which category”
It is considered qualitative data.

Answer 24

CATEGORICAL VARIABLE

Question 25

4 Types of Categorical Variable

Answer 25

Ordinal Variable
Nominal Variable
Dichotomous Variables
Polychotomous Variables

Question 26

Can take a value which can be logically ordered or ranking.
Example:
Clothing size, academic ranking, salary scale, levels of satisfaction.

Answer 26

Ordinal Variable

Question 27

Values which cannot be organized in a logical sequence.
Example: Learning styles, language spoken, blood types, plate numbers

Answer 27

Nominal Variable

Question 28

-variable that determine the CAUSAL relationships

Answer 28

EXPERIMENTAL VARIABLE

Question 29

Something that a researcher is interested in is considered as a variable.

Answer 29

Remember!

Question 30

5 types of Experimental Variable

Answer 30

Independent variable (CAUSAL)
Dependent variable (EFFECT)
Control variable
Moderating variable
Extraneous variable

Question 31

-presumed to cause changes in another variable
-usually manipulated in an experiment

Answer 31

Independent variable (CAUSAL)

Question 32

-variables that change because of another variable
-usually affected by the manipulation of the independent variable
-variables that are monitored in an experiment

Answer 32

Dependent variable (EFFECT)

Question 33

-variables that are held CONSTANT
-help to identify the possible differences outcomes as a result of controlling certain variable

Answer 33

Control variable

Question 34

-variable that delineates how a relationship of interest changes under different conditions or circumstances
-either quantitative or qualitative

Answer 34

Moderating variable

Question 35

-variables that are ALREADY EXISTING during the conduct of an experiment
-these variables could influence the results of the study
-as much as possible, must be controlled because they can offer an alternative result

Answer 35

Extraneous variable

Question 36

-variables which CANNOT be manipulated by the researcher

Answer 36

NON EXPERIMENTAL VARIABLE

Question 37

2 types of NON EXPERIMENTAL VARIABLE

Answer 37

Predictor variables
Criterion variables

Question 38

-variables that change/affect other variables in a non experimental

Answer 38

Predictor variables

Question 39

-variables that are influenced by the predictor variable in a on-experimental study

Answer 39

Criterion variables