Data Collection Flashcards
• the process of collecting information from the target sources
• relies on data collection instruments that fit various experiences into predetermined responses producing results that are easy to summarize, compare, and generalize
• allows you to gain first-hand knowledge and original insights into your research problems (Bhandari 2020)
DATA COLLECTION
• The aim of the research
• The type of data that you will collect
• The methods and procedures you will use to collect, store, and process the data
FACTORS TO CONSIDER IN DATA COLLECTION
SOURCES OF DATA
Primary sources
Secondary sources
• original source like experimental test result, questionnaire survey, interview, and observation
Primary sources
• have already been collected and published by someone else such as books, reports, journals, magazines, newspapers, online articles, and others
Secondary sources
• involves the presentation of verbal replies from the respondents
• In quantitative research, interview is more structured compared to the qualitative research
• researcher asks only the standard questions written in the questionnaire and nothing more
• researcher follows the same line of questions to ensure that the conducted interview is delivered in the same format and same order to every respondent
Structured Interview
METHODS IN COLLECTING DATA
- Structured Interview
- Questionnaire (Survey)
- Structured Observation
- Tests
• most frequently used type of interview method which directly acquires information from the respondents
Face-to-face interview
used when the researchers have no time to meet the respondents personally
Telephone Interview
form of a personal interview wherein the interviewer brings along a laptop and directly enters the information or response of the respondents to the database
Computer-Assisted Personal Interview (CAPI)
standard guide of the researcher in asking information from the respondents four sections in a questionnaire
Questionnaire (Survey)
includes profile of the respondents
Respondents’ identification data
may include the researcher’s request for help, and the purpose of the study
Introduction
researcher’s direction on how to move through the questionnaire
Instruction
series of questions and statements that seek a response from the respondents
Information
traditional way of collecting data from the respondents
Paper-pencil questionnaire
internet-based research where the respondents will receive an email that contains an address that would take them to a secure website containing the questionnaire
Web-based questionnaire
distributed through mail, filled out and administered by respondents where they return this to the researchers through email
Mail questionnaire
watching behavior, events, or noting physical characteristics in a natural setting
Structured Observation
respondents are aware that they are being observed
Overt Observation
respondents are unaware that they are being observed
Covert Observation
occurs during the interaction
Direct Observation
occurs on the result, of the interaction
Indirect Observation
provides a way to assess the subject’s knowledge and capacity to apply knowledge to new situations
Tests
assesses how the subject performs against a normative group (e.g. SAT, IQ test, entrance exam)
Norm-referenced test
determines whether the subjects have attained mastery of skills (e.g. pre-test, post-test, quizzes)
Criterion-referenced test
tests the level of skill attainment and standards for performance at varying levels of proficiency (e.g. English proficiency test)
Proficiency test
