Variable And Hypothesis

Question 1

What are the operationalised IV and DV

Answer 1

Iv- teenagers (13-18y.o) and adults (19+y.o)
Dv- Pittsburg sleep quality index score- out of 21

Question 2

What are confounding variables

Answer 2

Variables in a study that are not being measured or manipulated by the researcher- they effect some participants behaviours but not others for example, illness, household noise, medication and insomnia

Question 3

What are extraneous variables

Answer 3

Variables in a study that are not being measured or manipulated by the researcher but affect the results of all participants behaviour equally, for example, temperature and time of the week/point in the term

Question 4

What are the types of hypotheses did we use

Answer 4

Directional as previous research suggests that sleep quality is worse in adolescence than any other age groups

Question 5

Alternative hypotheses

Answer 5

(Directional) There will be an increase in sleep score out of 21 on PSQI in adolescence(13-18) compared to adults(19+)

Question 6

Null hypothesis

Answer 6

There will be no change in the sleep scores out of 21 on the PSQI in adolescence(13-18) in comparison to adults(19+) any changes will be due to chance

Question 7

Describe the methodology

Answer 7

Quasi-Experiment= The iv in this case, age, is a naturally occurring variable and cannot be manipulated by the researcher
Self-report technique= Questionnaire where p’s rank their sleep experiences from a pre-determined list of questions(PSQI)

Question 8

Describe the experimental design

Answer 8

Independent groups- there are two separate groups of participants( teens and adults) who both take part in different conditions(only one each)
Quasi experiment means p’s can only belong to one group
No order effects and less demand characteristics

Question 9

Explain the sampling technique used

Answer 9

The target population is anyone over the age of 13 and our sampling frame in students and teachers at Notre dame
We used opportunity sampling- went to classrooms and used anyone who was available and willing to take part
This sampling technique is quicker than stratified sampling which would identify the full target population. it is also easier than stratified sampling which would Identify sub groups in the population to sample from.