Van Leeuwen - A

Question 1

What are the 6 parts of this question?

Answer 1

1- definition of intelligence
2- spouse - similar intelligence (phenotypic assortment / cultural transmission)
3- intelligence being due to genetics
4- study details
5- findings + interpretation
6- at least 3 findings

Question 2

What is a definition of intelligence?

Answer 2

Wechler defines intelligence as an individuals capacity to act purposefully, think rationally and deal with the environment consciously

Question 3

What are the key aspects to spousal impact on intelligence?

Answer 3

• selected based on observable characteristics of intelligence
• phenotypical assortment
• social homogamy
• cultural assortment = stimulate children using reading and toys

Question 4

How do genetics link to intelligence?

Answer 4

25-50% impact

Question 5

How do you structure the background of the question?

Answer 5

as a debate “Whereas”

Question 6

What needs to be included in the study section?

Answer 6

• aim
• method
• procedure - Ravens details
• sample

Question 7

What is the aim of Van Leeuwen?

Answer 7

to test whether biological or environmental factors impact intelligence

Question 8

What is the method?

Answer 8

a research article

Question 9

What is the sample?

Answer 9

112 families - monozygotic, dizygotic, siblings, and parents from the Netherlands

Question 10

What was the procedure?

Answer 10

• cheek swab - check for genetic relatedness
• Ravens Standard Matices = intelligence test used = patterns, missing shapes, and sequences - multiple choice answers
• children = SPM (standard progressive) = 60 items (5x sets of 12) - progressively harder
• parents = APM. (advanced progressive) = 48 items (1=12 and 2+36)

Question 11

What are three findings?

Answer 11

1. 67% of intelligence is genetically based
2. more variation found in siblings and DZ twins that MZ
3. spousal correlation = 0.33

Question 12

What do the three findings suggest?

Answer 12

1. that the rest of variation is the environment such as type of friends that children have, their hobbies etc.,
2. that genetic predisposition more likely to impact IQ than environment as if enviro had larger impact then variation would be convergence with all family members than just MZ twins
3. supports the phenotypic assortment argument rather than social homogamy - supported by the insignificance of cultural transmission