Van Ijzendoorn Cultural Variations

Question 1

Sample:

Answer 1

32 studies of strange situation from 8 countries using around 2000 children. Meta- analysis

Question 2

Secure most common in:

Answer 2

Uk
Sweden

Question 3

Secure least common in:

Answer 3

China
Germany

Question 4

Insecure avoidant most common in:

Answer 4

Germany
Holland

Question 5

Insecure avoidant least common in:

Answer 5

Japan
Isreal

Question 6

Insecure resistant most common in:

Answer 6

Isreal
Japan

Question 7

Insecure resistant least common in:

Answer 7

Uk
Sweden

Question 8

Most common attatchment type in all 8 countries:

Answer 8

Secure attachment but the lowest percentage of secure attachment was in china and highest in britain

Question 9

Insecure avoidant most common in:

Answer 9

Western cultures

Question 10

Insecure resistant more common in:

Answer 10

Non-western cultures

Question 11

Most significant finding

Answer 11

There was 150% greater variation of attachment styles within cultures than between cultures.
46% of sample where securely attached compared to another study in USA where 90% of sample was securely attached.

Question 12

Strength of van ijzendoorns research

Answer 12

High population validity as it was a meta analysis of 32 strange situation studies targeting 2000 infants.

Question 13

Ctiticism

Answer 13

Culture bias as over half (18 out of 32) of the studies were carried out in the US and only 5 of the studies were carried out in collectivistic cultures.

Question 14

Criticism of strange situation tool

Answer 14

Imposted etic as it is based on american child rearing practices

Question 15

Final criticism

Answer 15

Lacks ecological validity as the 32 studies were carried out in a controlled environment.