Valvular Heart Disease

Question 1

Narrowing of the aortic valve, which may be acquired or congenital.

Answer 1

Aortic Stenosis (AS)

Question 2

Backflow of blood from the LV (left ventricle) into the LA (left aorta) in systole across a diseased valve. It may be the result of congenital valve abnormalities, rheumatic fever, or mitral valve prolapse (MVP).

Answer 2

Mitral Regurgitation (MR)

Question 3

Narrowing of the valve between the LA and the LV caused by adhesions on the leaflets of the valve, usually the result of recurrent episodes of rheumatic endocarditis. Left atrial hypertrophy develops and may be followed by right-sided HF and pulmonary edema (corpulmonale)

Answer 3

Mitral Stenosis (MS)

Question 4

Protrusion of one or both cusps of the MV back into the LA during ventricular systole.

Answer 4

Mitral Valve Prolapse (MVP)

Question 5

Relatively uncommon narrowing of the TV associated with lesions of other valves caused by rheumatic fever. Symptoms include jugular vein distention and pulmonary congestion.

Answer 5

Tricuspid Stenosis (TS)

Question 6

Inflammatory condition of a valve, especially a cardiac valve, caused most commonly by rheumatic fever and less frequently by bacterial endocarditis or syphilis. Results are stenoses and obstructed blood flow.

Answer 6

Valvulitis