valvular dz

Question 1

regurg = ____ overload

Answer 1

volume

Question 2

stenosis = ____ overload

Answer 2

pressure

Question 3

regurg = ____ hypertrophy

Answer 3

eccentric

Question 4

stenosis = ____ hypertrophy

Answer 4

concentric

Question 5

AS and MR = ___ murmur

Answer 5

systolic

Question 6

AR and MS = ____ murmur

Answer 6

diastolic

Question 7

presenting symptoms AS

Answer 7

SAD - syncope, angina, dyspnea

Question 8

presenting symptoms MS

Answer 8

pulm congestion & Afib

Question 9

presenting symptoms MR

Answer 9

DOE, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, Afib

Question 10

presenting symptoms AR

Answer 10

severe pulm edema and CHF

Question 11

regurg you want the HR to be

Answer 11

fast

Question 12

stenosis you want the HR to be

Answer 12

slow

Question 13

which lesions respond to changes in loading conditions

Answer 13

regurg

Question 14

most common cause of AS

Answer 14

bicuspid aortic valve

Question 15

which condition produces a hypertrophied LV muscle mass

Answer 15

AS

Question 16

how to manage aortic stenosis

Answer 16

slow, full, and tight

Question 17

most important goal in AS

Answer 17

normal HR. [increase preload, avoid hypotension]

Question 18

causes of AR

Answer 18

rheumatic heart disease, endocarditis, dexfenfluramine

Question 19

how to manage regurg

Answer 19

full, fast , forward

Question 20

what factors contribute to reduced coronary perfusion pressure in patients with aortic regurg

Answer 20

lower diastolic pressure and increased LVEDP

Question 21

how to manage HR and BP in severe AR

Answer 21

normal to fast HR, avoid incrase in BP, avoid increase in SVR

Question 22

most common cause of MS

Answer 22

rheumatic

Question 23

pathophys of MS

Answer 23

overloaded LA, underloaded LV. atrial remodeling and increased PVR

Question 24

goal for mitral stenosis

Answer 24

slow, full , constricted

Question 25

hemodynamic goals for mitral stenosis

Answer 25

decrease HR, maintain preload, dec PVR, maintain afterload.

Question 26

mitral valve replacement you will expect to see an ___ in post-op LVEF after valve procedure ?

Answer 26

EF decreased

Question 27

pathophys MR

Answer 27

backward flow from LV to LA causes inc LA volume and pressure and that increases LVEDV

Question 28

goals for MR

Answer 28

full, fast, forward.

Question 29

BP goal for MR

Answer 29

maintain… hypertension is avoided

Question 30

increased SVR causes ___ regurg and ___ forward flow

Answer 30

increased, decreased

Question 31

what is hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Answer 31

increase in the size and mass of the involved ventricle.

Question 32

what is systolic anterior motion of the mitral valve ?

Answer 32

LV outflow tract is occluded….. blood is ejected into the LV outflow tract at high velocity which creates venturi effect. this pulls the anterior leaflet of the mitral valve toward the septum during systole. this creates dynamic outflow tract obstruction and mitral regurg.

Question 33

what makes SAM better

Answer 33

vasoconstrictors and volume expansion