Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

CV physio Larmon - S.Horvath > quiz 3/15 > Flashcards

quiz 3/15 Flashcards

1
Q

do capillaries contain smooth muscle or constrict?

A

no and no

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

why can capillaries withstand high intravascular pressure?

A

la places law. small radius = low pressure. wall tension = transmural pressure x radius of vessel. wall stress = transmural pressure / wall thickness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Is the permeability of the capillary endothelium the same in all the tissues of the body?

A

no

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what percentage makes up ECF

A

20

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what percentage makes up ICF

A

40

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what happens if you give someone 1L of NS

A

increase ECF, no change in osmolality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what does dextrose do

A

reduces ECF osmo and therefore helps correct the increase in ECF osmo associated w dehydration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

hypotonic increases ___ volume

A

intracellular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

hypertonic increases

A

extracellular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is capillary filtration

A

the sum of the hydrostatic and osmotic forces favors the movement of water from the capillary to the interstitial space (+ filtration, arteriolar)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is capillary reabsorption

A

movement of fluids or h20 back into the capillary (venular end)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

starling forces - increased capillary pressure and interstitial fluid osmotic pressure moves fluid ____

A

out of the capillary.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

increased plasma colloid osmotic pressure causes

A

inward movement of fluids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is osmosis

A

h20 moves from areas of high h20 concentration to areas off low h20 concentration through a semi-permeable membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

if net driving forces are positive, does it favor capillary filtration or reabsorption?

A

filtration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

if net driving forces are negative what does it favor

A

reabsorption at venular end

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

are pressures higher at the arteriolar end or the venous end

A

arteriole side (30 vs 10mmhg)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

under normal circumstances, what net driving force favors fluid movement into the capillary?

A

negative pressure - absorption

19
Q

what would the net driving forces be in a patient with CHF? cirrhosis? venous thrombosis?

A

filtration (positive). d/t increased capillary hydrostatic pressure. and decreased plasma oncotic pressure

20
Q

whats the function of the lymphatic system?

A

movement of excess fats, fluids, proteins, and albumin back into the circulation.

21
Q

lymphatic system causes ___

A

negative pressure in the interstitial fluid space

22
Q

4 ways plasma filtrate is returned to the circulation by the lymphatic system

A

tissue pressure, intermittent skeletal activity, lymphatic vessel contractions and one way valves

23
Q

what 3 things empty into the thoracic duct

A

left head, left arm, lower body

24
Q

where is the thoracic duct

A

posterior chest and is connected to the left IJ and left subclavian

25
Q

what things cause edema

A

*hydrostatic pressure. lymphatic obstruction, changes in permeability, reduced plasma protein

26
Q

name 3 endogenously found vaso-constricting substances

A

catecholamines (epi, norepi, dopamine), endothelial, serotonin, angiotensin 2, vasopressin

27
Q

name 3 endogenously found vaso-dilating substances

A

histamine, adenosine, nitric oxide, CO2, K, hydrogen ion, prostaglandins, acetylcholine, bradykin

28
Q

what is the metabolic mechanism

A

inadequate o2 for metabolic requirements of tissues result in formation of vasodilator substances which increase blood flow to tissues

29
Q

what substances are responsible for metabolic mechanism

A

adenosine, K, CO2, H+, lactic acid, inorganic phosphate

30
Q

what is the myogenic mechanism

A

lumen of blood vessel suddenly expanded, the smooth muscles response by contracting in order to restore the vessel diameter and resistance

31
Q

what is reactive hyperemia

A

transient increase in organ blood flow that occurs following a brief period of ischemia, usually produced by temporary arterial occlusion

32
Q

give an example of reactive hyperemia

A

tourniquet to a limb, arterial vessel clamped and released later in surgery, transient coronary occlusion

33
Q

what is autoregulation

A

intrinsic ability of an organ to maintain constant blood flow despite changes in perfusion pressure

34
Q

what 2 mechanisms of blood flow regulation is thought to be involved in autoregulation

A

myogenic and metabolic

35
Q

name 3 endothelial factors that help regulate blood flow

A

nitric oxide, prostacyclin, endothelial-derived, hyperpolarizing factor, endothelin

36
Q

prostacyclin dilator or constrict?

A

dilator

37
Q

EDHF dilator or constrict

A

dilator

38
Q

endothelin dilate or constrict

A

potent constrict

39
Q

what is nitric oxide

A

regulates blood flow under normal physiologic conditions; generated from amino acid L-arginine to synthesize NO synthase; relaxes smooth muscle via activation of intracellular guannyly cycllase to form cgmp

40
Q

how might nitric oxide be useful during one lung ventilation

A

inhaled Nirtric oxide delivered only to ventilated alveoli thus improving v/q relations by vasodilation capillaries and improving blood flow to areas participating in gas exchange

41
Q

why are blood vessels prone to vasoconstriction, vasospasm, and thrombosis when the endothelium is damaged

A

when a decrease of nitric oxide and prostacyclin production occurs, an increase of endothelin production causes vasoconstriction, vasospasm, and thombosis

42
Q

what causes dehydration

A

decreased capillary hydrostatic pressure. increased oncotic pressure (push into cap so - )

43
Q

what causes edema

A

increased capillary hydrostatic pressure. decreased plasma oncotic pressure (push into interstitum so + overall)

44
Q

plasma colloid osmotic pressure goes ___, interstitial fluid colloid osmotic pressure goes ___

A

in, out

CV physio Larmon - S.Horvath (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions