Valvular Disease

Question 1

Define stenosis

Answer 1

Failure of valve to open resulting in obstruction of forward flow

Question 2

General causes of stenosis

Answer 2

primary cuspal
abnormality
- Mostly a chronic process.

Question 3

Definitely regurgitation

Answer 3

Failure of valve closure resulting in backflow of blood

Question 4

General causes of regurgitation

Answer 4

-Intrinsic disease of the valve cusps
(e.g., endocarditis)
- Disruption of the supporting structures
(e.g., mitral annulus, tendinous cords,
or papillary muscles)

Question 5

What is bicuspid
aortic valve disease?

Answer 5

Congenital disease that results in 2 cusps instead of 3
- one of the 2 is larger and from by 2 cusps originally but the cuspal separation between them is incomplete , instead they’re joined by midline raphe

Question 6

Degenerative calcification is more common in people who have

Answer 6

Congenital bicuspid aortic valve syndrome

Question 7

Cause of mitral stenosis

Answer 7

Rheumatic fever

Question 8

Dilated cardiomyopathy can result in which valvular disease?

Answer 8

Mitral regurgitation as a result of mitral annulus deformation

Question 9

Infective endocarditis can result in which valvular disease?

Answer 9

Mitral regurgitation due to cusps(leaflets) deformation

Question 10

Rupture of chordea tendineae or papillary muscle results in

Answer 10

Tensor apparatus deformation thus mitral regurgitation

Question 11

Which valvular disease may follow mitral valve prolapse?

Answer 11

Mitral regurgitation

Question 12

Calcification of mitral ring results in mitral regurgitation or stenosis?

Answer 12

Regurgitation

Question 13

Aortic stenosis types according to causes?

Answer 13

*Senile calcific AS
*Rheumatic AS
*Calcification of congenital deformed aortic valve

Question 14

Marian syndrome results in

Answer 14

Aortic regurgitation

Question 15

Infective endocarditis results in which type of regurgitation

Answer 15

Aortic

Question 16

inflammation of the aorta associated with the tertiary stage of syphilis infection and causes aortic regurgitation

Answer 16

Syphilitic
aortitis

Question 17

Aortic stenosis is mostly

Answer 17

Calcific and asymptomatic

Question 18

Aortic stenosis manifests at what age

Answer 18

70-80

Question 19

In which valvular disease Cardiac output is maintained
by concentric left ventricular hypertrophy

Answer 19

Calcific aortic stenosis

Question 20

How is cardic output is maintained in calcific stenosis

Answer 20

By left ventriclular hypertrophy

Question 21

Myxomatous mitral valve disease is characterized by what shape of valves

Answer 21

Floopy/prolapse like ballon into left atrium

Question 22

Secondary myxomatous is associated with which syndrome

Answer 22

Marfan syndrome

Question 23

Primary myxomatous percentage

Answer 23

0.5%~2.4% of adult female

Question 24

Morphology of leaflets in myxomatous

Answer 24

enlarged,
redundant, thick, and
rubbery.

Question 25

Morphology of Tendinous cords in myxomatous

Answer 25

elongated, thinned, and
occasionally rupture.