Valvular Disease Flashcards
Define stenosis
Failure of valve to open resulting in obstruction of forward flow
General causes of stenosis
primary cuspal
abnormality
- Mostly a chronic process.
Definitely regurgitation
Failure of valve closure resulting in backflow of blood
General causes of regurgitation
-Intrinsic disease of the valve cusps
(e.g., endocarditis)
- Disruption of the supporting structures
(e.g., mitral annulus, tendinous cords,
or papillary muscles)
What is bicuspid
aortic valve disease?
Congenital disease that results in 2 cusps instead of 3
- one of the 2 is larger and from by 2 cusps originally but the cuspal separation between them is incomplete , instead they’re joined by midline raphe
Degenerative calcification is more common in people who have
Congenital bicuspid aortic valve syndrome
Cause of mitral stenosis
Rheumatic fever
Dilated cardiomyopathy can result in which valvular disease?
Mitral regurgitation as a result of mitral annulus deformation
Infective endocarditis can result in which valvular disease?
Mitral regurgitation due to cusps(leaflets) deformation
Rupture of chordea tendineae or papillary muscle results in
Tensor apparatus deformation thus mitral regurgitation
Which valvular disease may follow mitral valve prolapse?
Mitral regurgitation
Calcification of mitral ring results in mitral regurgitation or stenosis?
Regurgitation
Aortic stenosis types according to causes?
*Senile calcific AS
*Rheumatic AS
*Calcification of congenital deformed aortic valve
Marian syndrome results in
Aortic regurgitation
Infective endocarditis results in which type of regurgitation
Aortic
inflammation of the aorta associated with the tertiary stage of syphilis infection and causes aortic regurgitation
Syphilitic
aortitis
Aortic stenosis is mostly
Calcific and asymptomatic
Aortic stenosis manifests at what age
70-80
In which valvular disease Cardiac output is maintained
by concentric left ventricular hypertrophy
Calcific aortic stenosis
How is cardic output is maintained in calcific stenosis
By left ventriclular hypertrophy
Myxomatous mitral valve disease is characterized by what shape of valves
Floopy/prolapse like ballon into left atrium
Secondary myxomatous is associated with which syndrome
Marfan syndrome
Primary myxomatous percentage
0.5%~2.4% of adult female
Morphology of leaflets in myxomatous
enlarged,
redundant, thick, and
rubbery.
Morphology of Tendinous cords in myxomatous
elongated, thinned, and
occasionally rupture.
