Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MEDI > Valvular Defects > Flashcards

Valvular Defects Flashcards

1
Q

What size is the normal opening of the aortic valve? What size and pressure change indicates mild path? Severe path?

A

3-4 cm
1.5-3cm and <10 pressure change - mild
.8-1cm and 25-50 pressure change - severe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What type of aortic stenosis is associated with CAD? What is at a high level in the blood?

A

Tricuspid

High hsCRP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the three classic symptoms of aortic stenosis?

A

Angina
Syncope
HF - most common

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

When can the murmur be heard for aortic stenosis? What does it sound like? What delay elsewhere also occurs?

A

Systolic
Crescendo-Decrescendo - High-pitched/harsh
Delayed carotid pulse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What test is risky to do on a patient with symptomatic aortic stenosis?

A

Exercise test

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is standard treatment for aortic stenosis? What should be avoided?

A

Aortic valve replacement - transfemoral AVR

Avoid vasodilators

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What diagnostic tool is best for aortic stenosis? What can be seen on ECG?

A

Echo - best

On ECG - LVH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What type of hypertrophy is caused by aortic stenosis?

A

Concentric hypertrophy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What type of hypertrophy is caused by aortic regurgitation? How do the parts of blood pressure change? Pulse pressure?

A

Eccentric hypertrophy
High systolic
Low diastolic
High PP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

When can the murmur be heard for aortic regurgitation? What is a special murmur that can be heard? What causes it?

A

Early systolic

Austin Flint murmur - mitral valve diastolic rumble at apex due to aortic regurg hitting anterior open mitral leaflet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What high pulse sign is indicated by a sharp upstroke with a rapid decline in the carotid? For which valve defect?

A

Corrigan’s

Aortic Regurgitation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is Durozeiz sign? For which valve defect?

A

Femoral systolic and diastolic bruits

Aortic Regurgitation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What high pulse sign is indicated by head bobbing? For which valve defect?

A

De Musset’s sign

Aortic Regurgiation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is Quincke’s pulse? For what defect?

A

Systolic pulsing, diastolic blanch in capillary beds

Aortic Regurgitation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How is aortic regurgitation diagnosed? What is medical treatment? Surgical treatment?

A

Diagnosed - echo
Medical treatment - vasodialtors
Surgical - valve replacement before advanced symptoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is a common cause for mitral stenosis? Is it more common in men or women?

A

Rheumatic fever

Women

17
Q

What are two clinical past findings that can indicate mitral stenosis?

A

Hemoptysis - blood in sputum due to bronchial rupture

Hoarseness (Ortner’s syndrome) - due to LA pressure on left recurrent laryngeal nerve

18
Q

When can the murmur be heard for mitral stenosis? Which sound is louder than the other? What is a secondary sound that can be heard?

A

Diastolic - Low pitched
S1 louder than S2
2nd sound - pre-systolic - due to atrial contraction

19
Q

What abnormalities can be seen on an EKG for mitral stenosis? What is used to diagnose? What is also often necessary?

A

A fib, LA abnormality, RVH
Echo
Cardiac cath

20
Q

What two things are mainly used to treat mitral valve stenosis? A third? Surgical correction?

A 
Anticoagulation and cardioversion
Control A-fib with Class II or class IV
Mechanical - balloon valvotomy, mitral commissurotomy, or valve replacement
21
Q

What is the most common mitral regurgitation? Another cause? What type of hypertrophy does it cause?

A

Mitral valve prolapse - most common
Papillary muscle dysfunction
Eccentric hypertrophy

22
Q

What are 3 pathophysiologies of mitral regurgitation? How are each treated?

A

Acute - low cardiac output, LV failure - vasodialators, intra-aortic balloon, surgery
Chronic compensated - asymptomatic, LA enlargement at low pressure - elective repair or replacement
Chronic symptomatic - Impaired LV contractility - surgical repair or replacement

23
Q

When can the murmur be heard for mitral regurgitation? What can be heard in the middle? Which sound is decreased? When can RV lift be seen?

A

Apical, high pitched , Midsystolic click, late systolic murmur
S1 decreased
RV lift, increased P2 if pulmonary hypertension

24
Q

What is the most common cause of Tricuspid regurgitation? What also can cause it? How can it be tested for

A 
Left heart problems
Carcinoid syndrome ( seritonin from liver tumor degenerated tricuspid valve)
Serotonin metabolite 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid
25
Q

What visually can be seen in a patient with tricuspid regurgitation?

A

Large V-wave

26
Q

When is the murmur heard for tricuspid regurgitation?

A

Holosystolic

27
Q

How is tricuspid regurgitation treated?

A

Diuretics, treat cause, rarely surgical

28
Q

What correlates to a murmur early diastolic decreschendo at the left sternal edge?

A

Pulmonary regurgitation

MEDI (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions