CR III - Clinical Disorders with Extracellular Fluids

Question 1

In isotonic volume contraction, how does ECF and ICF volume and osmolarity change?

Answer 1

ECF volume decreases, ICF volume remains the same

ECF and ICF osmolarity stays the same

Question 2

What causes isotonic volume contraction? What is used to treat it?

Answer 2

Causes: diarrhea, vomiting, burns
Treatment: isotonic fluids, .9 saline, or lactate ringers

Question 3

In hypertonic volume contraction, how does ECF and ICF volume and osmolarity change?

Answer 3

ECF and ICF volume decrease

ECF and ICF osmolarity increases

Question 4

What causes hypertonic volume contraction? What is used to treat it?

Answer 4

Causes: severe dehydration, drinking cessation, severe exercising
Treatment: Water 1st, can do other hypoosmolar or isotonic solutions (not usually)

Question 5

In hypotonic volume contraction, how does ECF and ICF volume and osmolarity change?

Answer 5

ECF volume - decreases
ICF volume - increases
ECF and ICF osmolarity decrease

Question 6

What causes hypotonic volume contraction? What is used to treat it?

Answer 6

Causes: Excess Na excretion, adrenal insufficiency
Treatment: correct the problem, corticosteroids

Question 7

In isotonic volume expansion, how does ECF and ICF volume and osmolarity change?

Answer 7

ECF volume increases
ICF volume remains the same
ECF and ICF osmolarity remain the same

Question 8

What causes isotonic volume expansion? What is used to treat it?

Answer 8

Cause: doctor error, isotonic saline solution
Treatment: Stop IV, fluid restriction, monitor I/O

Question 9

In hypertonic volume expansion, how does ECF and ICF volume and osmolarity change?

Answer 9

ECF volume increases
ICF volume decreases
ECF and ICF osmolarity increase

Question 10

What causes hypertonic volume expansion? What is used to treat it?

Answer 10

Causes: High Na diets, retaining too much Na
Treatment: Cut out Na foods

Question 11

In hypotonic volume expansion, how does ECF and ICF volume and osmolarity change?

Answer 11

ECF and ICF volume increase

ECF and ICF osmolarity decrease

Question 12

What causes hypotonic volume expansion? What is used to treat it? What should not be used?

Answer 12

Causes: SIADH - increase in ADH levels

Treatment - NOT hyperosmotic fluids. Treat with fluid restriction and Vapton drugs