Valves

Question 1

What is the murmur in mitral stenosis?

Answer 1

Rumbling mid diastolic murmur

Bell at apex

Question 2

Signs mitral stenosis

Answer 2

AF
Malar flush 
tapping apex
loud S1 
opening snap

Question 3

Complications mitral stenosis

Answer 3

AF
infected endocarditis
Heart failure
Emboli

Question 4

Causes mitral regurgitation

Answer 4

Connective-tissue disease prolapse papillary rupture post M I cardiomyopathy rheumatic fever

Question 5

Murmur mitral regurgitation

Answer 5

Pansystolic murmur radiating to axilla

Question 6

Signs mitral regurgitation

Answer 6

Sinus rhythm
malar flush
displaced apex
palpable thrill

Question 7

Differentials pansystolic murmur

Answer 7

MR TR VSD

Question 8

Differential mid diastolic murmur

Answer 8

TS MS AR (Austin Flint)

Question 9

Causes aortic stenosis

Answer 9

Bicuspid valve age calcification rheumatic fever

Question 10

Aortic stenosis triad

Answer 10

Syncope heart failure angina

Question 11

Murmur AS

Answer 11

Ejection systolic murmur radiating to carotids

Question 12

Differential ejection systolic murmur

Answer 12

AS PS HOCM coarctation

Question 13

Complications a S

Answer 13

HF emboli IE

Question 14

Causes aortic regurgitation

Answer 14

Rheumatic fever bicuspid valve infective endocarditis syphilis connective-tissue disease hypertension

Question 15

Murmur aortic regurgitation

Answer 15

Early diastolic murmur heard best lent forwards in expiration

Question 16

Differentials early diastolic murmur

Answer 16

AR PR

Question 17

What are the causes of mitral stenosis?

Answer 17

Rheumatic fever
Old age
Calcification