HF

Question 1

Presentation left heart failure

Answer 1

Fatigue orthopnoea SOBOE PND cardiomegaly S3 mitral regurg pulmonary oedema, pitting oedema

Question 2

Presentation right heart failure

Answer 2

Pitting oedema hepatomegaly ascites cardiomegaly raised JVP anorexia nausea fatigue SOB

Question 3

Nyha classification

Answer 3

One no limitation two slight limitation three marked limitation four symptoms at rest

Question 4

Signs of heart failure on x-ray

Answer 4

Alveolar oedema kerly b lines cardiomegaly dilated prominent upper lobe vessels pulmonary oedema

Question 5

Management medical heart failure

DABSINI

Answer 5

Diuretic acei beta-blocker spironolactone inotropes nitrates I2 channel blocker

Question 6

Causes acute LV failure

Answer 6

MI hypertension aortic disease mitral regurgitation

Question 7

Presentation acute LV failure

Answer 7

Acute breathlessness cough pink frothy sputum orthopnoea PND collapse arrest shock tachycardic gallop rhythm crepitations distressed pale sweaty

Question 8

Management LV failure

Answer 8

ABC sit up O2 morphine nitrate NIV furosemide

Question 9

Investigations acute LV failure

Answer 9

ECG blood (FBC U and E CK troponin) CXR ABG echo

Question 10

Causes heart failure

Answer 10

Ischaemic heart disease and hypertension cardiomyopathy valve disease endocrine anaemia arrhythmia toxins arrhythmias infection lung disease diet