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values Flashcards

1
Q

alpha amylase

A

<180 Unit/liter

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2
Q

ALAT (alanine aminotransferase, GPT)

A

< 45 unit/ liter

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3
Q

ASAT (aspartate-aminotransferase, GOT)

A

< 45 unit/ liter

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4
Q

ALP (alkaline phosphatase)

A

< 150 Unit / Liter

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5
Q

Creatinkinase

A

< 200 U/ liter

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6
Q

GGT (gamma-glutamyl-transpepitade)

A

<60 U/ Liter

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7
Q

LDH (lactate dehydrogenase)

A

<160 Unit/ liter

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8
Q

Ph

A

7.35-7.45

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9
Q

PC02

A

35-45mmHg

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10
Q

standard bicarbonate (st Hco-3)

A

21-26 mmol/l

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11
Q

BE (base excess)

A

0+/-3 mmol/l

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12
Q

P02

A

80-105mmHg

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13
Q

O2saturation

A

95-98%

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14
Q

Creatinine clearance (for 1.73 m2 body surface)

A

120-125 ml/min

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15
Q

urine volume

A

1000-1500ml/ 24hours

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16
Q

ph in urine

A

4.5-8.0

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17
Q

specific gravity-Density. (renal function)

A

1.010-1.035kg/L

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18
Q

osmolar concentration (urine)

A

600-1200mosm/kg

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19
Q

urinary sediment (per field)

A

<1-3RBC, <3-5 WBC

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20
Q

sodium plasma

A

135-145 mmol/l

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21
Q

potassium

A

3.5-5.0mmol/l

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22
Q

calcium

A

2.2-2.6mmol/l

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23
Q

chloride

A

95-105mmol/l

24
Q

iron (female and male)

A

female: 11-30 umol/l

male 12-36 umol/l

25
Q

TIBC (total iron binding capacity- female and male)

A

female 45-70 umol/l

male 50-80 umol/l

26
Q

bilirubin total

A

< 17umol/l

27
Q

bilirubin total (direct reacting?)

28
Q

glucose (fasting)

A

3.0-6.0 mmol/L

29
Q

uric acid

A

150-400 umol/l

30
Q

carbamid

A

3.5-7.0mmol/l

31
Q

creatinin

A

40-130umol/l

32
Q

cholesterol(total)

A

3.6-5.2 mmol/l

33
Q

hdl-cholesterol

A

1.0-1.6mmol/l

34
Q

Triglycerides

A

0.8-2.3 mmol/l

35
Q

total protein in plasma/serum

36
Q

albumin in serum / plasma

37
Q

A/G (albumin/globulin quotient)

38
Q

CRP (c-reactive protein)

39
Q

RBC count-female/ male

A

female 3.8-5.2 Tera/L

male 4.4-5.5 Tera/L

40
Q

hemoglobin (HGB)-female/ male

A

Female- 120-165 gram/liter

male- 135-170 gram/liter

41
Q

Hematocrit (PCV)

A

female- 0.37-0.47 L/L (SI units)

Male: 0.40-0.54 L/L

42
Q

Mean corpuscular volume (MCV)

A

80-95 fl (femtoliter= 10^-15)

43
Q

mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH)

A

28-33 pg (pico=10^-12gram)

44
Q

mean corpuscular hemoglobin concetration (MCHC)

A

320-360 g/l

45
Q

erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR, westergren)

46
Q

reticulocyte count (relative to rbc)

47
Q

platelet count (PLT)

A

150-400 G/l (giga= 10^9/L)

48
Q

white blood cell count (WBC)

A

4-10G/l (giga/liter)

49
Q 
differential blood count:
neutrophil,juvenile (metamyelocyte)
neutrophil, band
neutrophil segment
eosinophil
basophil
monocyte
lymphocyte
A 
neutrophil,juvenile (metamyelocyte) 0-1%
neutrophil, band 3-5%
neutrophil segment 50-70%
eosinophil 2-4%
basophil 0-1%
monocyte 2-6%
lymphocyte 20-40%
50
Q 
hemostasis parameters:
Bleeding time
prothrombin time  (PT, INR)
aPTT (activated partial thromboplastin time)
thrombin time
fibrinogen
A

Bleeding time- 4-6min- to check primary hemostasis.
prothrombin time (PT, INR)- 0.8-1.2- checks extrinsic pathway
aPTT (activated partial thromboplastin time) 35-45sec- checks intrinsic pathway
thrombin time- 20-22 sec
fibrinogen- 1.5-4.0 g/l

51
Q

LDL‐cholesterol

A

< 3,4 mmol/l

52
Q

actual bicarbonate

A

24mmol/l
the actual conc of bicarbonate in the blood sample. reflects the metabolic side mainly but influenced by respiration as well.

53
Q

buffer base

A

the overall base content of the blood. reflects the metabolic side. normal value:
45-52mmol/L

54
Q

base excess

A

base deficit. reflects the metabolic side.
positive: base excess or lack of acids.
negative lack of base or acid excess.
normal value: 0+- 3.

55
Q

anion gap

A

[Na+] – ([Cl -] + [HCO3-]) = 12+-2 mmol/L

AG > 12 mmol/L: (H++UA-) is added
• If AG > 20 mmol/L then there is primary metabolic acidosis regardless of pH or HCO3-
.
 AG = 12 mmol/L non AG acidosis->loss of HCO3-> hyperchloremic
acidosis

56
Q

serum osmolar gap

A

Osm.Gap.= 2 x [Na+] + [glucose] + [urea] – Osmmeas
• If Osm.Gap > 15 mosmol/kg H2O
• Ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, methanol, glycine,
mannitol, ethylene glycol, glycerol, chronic renal
failure

57
Q

urinary anion gap

A

Urinary Anion-Gap (UAG)
 Useful in differential diagnosis of hyperchloremic
acidosis (Non AG acidosis)
 Differentiate between renal and extra-renal cause of
normal anion gap
 Calculated as (UNa+ + UK+) – UCl-
if: UAG < -10-> Extra-renal : Cl-&raquo_space; Na+ + K+ which suggests appropriate urinary NH4+ excretion-> GI. loss of HCO3-
 UAG > +10

if:Renal: Cl- &laquo_space;Na+ + K+ suggests inadequate NH4
+ excretion in urine
 RTA with distal acidification defect

pathophysiology (7 decks)

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