important terms

Question 1

Metabolic syndrome

Answer 1

Metabolic Syndrome is not a disease, but rather a cluster of disorders of your body’s metabolism, including:
o High blood pressure
o High insulin levels
o Excess body weight
o Abnormal cholesterol levels

 Each of these disorders is by itself a risk factor for other diseases.
 In combination, however, these disorders dramatically boost the chances of developing potentially life threatening
illnesses, such as diabetes type2, heart disease
or stroke.

Question 2

etiology of metabolic syndrome

Answer 2

Etiology – not fully elucidated
1. Insulin Resistance

2. Acquired causes
   o Overweight and central obesity
   o Physical inactivity, aging, ethnicity
   o High CHO diets (>60%)
3. Poly Genic causes

Currently, 47 million U.S. adults- metabolic
syndrome. Leading health problem in U.S.

Question 3

ATP III Clinical Identification of the

Metabolic Syndrome

Answer 3

3 out of 5 criteria
1.Waist circumference:
A. Men>102 cm (>40 in)
B. Women>88 cm (>35 in)

2. Triglycerides >1.7mmol/l (1.7mM)
3. HDL cholesterol:
   A. Men <1mmol/l (1mM)
   B. Women <1.3mmol/l (1.3mM)
4. Blood pressure 130/ 85 mm Hg
5. Fasting glucose >= 5.6mmol/l

Question 4

International Diabetes Federation

(IDF) Definition for metabolic syndrome

Answer 4

Modified ATPIII definition
 Fasting Glucose > 100mg/dl (5.6mM)
 Adjusted waist circumference based on
ethnicity (i.e. asians with lower waist
circumference threshold than pacific islanders)

Question 5

BMI values and definition

Answer 5

Body weight (kg)/height(meter)^2

Underweight- <18.5
normoweight- 18.5-24.9
overweight >= 25.0
preobese 25.0-29.9
obese blass 1 30-34.9
obese class 2- 35-39.9
obese class 3 >= 40

Question 6

screening and treatment for metabolic syndrome

Answer 6

Medical screening:
 Blood pressure, blood glucose, anthropometric data
(BW, BMI, waist circumference, waist to hip ratio)

Treatment
 Lifestyle changes – the most important!!
 Diet
 Regular physical activity
 Medical treatment of each risk component
 Antihypertensiv therapy, antidiabetic treatment, statins,
fibrates (activation of PPARs induces the transcription of a number of
genes that facilitate lipid metabolism)