Values

Question 1

Values

Answer 1

Are established in our early years by parents, teachers, friends
Can be changes if they are questioned, but more often they are reinforced

Question 2

The importance of values

Answer 2

Influence our behaviour, perceptions and attitude at work
Can cloud objectivity and rationality

Question 3

Terminal and Instrumental values

Answer 3

Terminal:
Desirable end states of existence
Goals a person would like to achieve during their lifetime
Economic success, freedom, health

Instrumental:
Preferable modes of behaviour or means of achieving one’s terminal value
Autonmoy, self-reliance, kindness

Question 4

Hofstede’s Five Value Dimensions

Answer 4

Analyse work-related values

Question 5

Power Distance

Answer 5

Degree to which people in a country accept that power in institutions and organisations is distributed unequally
Low power distance characterises societies that stress equality and opportunity

Question 6

Individualism vs Collectivism

Answer 6

Individualism: Degree to which people prefer to act as individuals
Collectivism: Emphasizes tight social framework in which people expect others of their group to look after them

Question 7

Masculinity vs femininity

Answer 7

Masculinity: Culture follows traditionally masculine roles
High masculinity rating indicates culture has separate roles for men and women
Femininity: High fem. rating indicates little differentiation between men and women

Question 8

Uncertainty avoidance

Answer 8

High score indicates increased anxiety about uncertainty
people prefer structured situations

Question 9

Long-Term vs. Short-Term orientation

Answer 9

Society’s devotion to traditional values
Long-term: Look towards the future, value persistence and tradition
Short-term: There and now, accept change