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Prodigy > Valley Module 1 a - Cell Physiology > Flashcards

Valley Module 1 a - Cell Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

what does not diffuse through lipid bilayer

A

large water soluble molecules & Ions ( ions are least likely to penetrate lipid bilayer)

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2
Q

give example of pinocytosis?

A

proteins reabsorbed from the proximal tubule of the kidney

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3
Q

give example of phagocytosis

A

macrophages phagocytize bacteria

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4
Q

give exocytosis example

A

neurotransmitters are released from the nerve terminals

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5
Q

what is a ligand & give examples

A

what attaches to a ion channel ( iontropic receptor)

  • ligand is a chemical, drug, neurotransmitter or hormone
  • 5ht3, GABAa, Glutamate
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6
Q

what are metabolic receptors & give examples

A
  • receptors that control membrane bound enzymes

- GPCR & most adrenergic receptors ( adrenergic becuase they use adrenealine)

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7
Q

what are catalytic receptors & give examples

A

Insulin, EPO, ANP, Growth factors

- most are enzyme themselves or part of enzyme cascade

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8
Q

what are nuclear receptorss & give examples

A

Steriod hormones

- located in cytosol & nucleus

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9
Q

what is result of Na K ATPase Pump

A

3 Na move out & 2 K move in

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10
Q

why give insulin in hyperkalemia

A

Insulin moves K into cell by stimulating Na-K pump.

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11
Q

talk about Beta 2 agonist & Na -K pump

A

Beta 2 adreneric agonist stimulate Na K pump (like ritodrine & terbutaline). and thus get hypokalemia

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12
Q

what do G proteins do?

A

relay or shuttle messages from receptors to enzymes

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13
Q

name some 2nd messengers?

A

cAMP, cGMP, calcium, calmodulin, IP3, DAG

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14
Q

why must we know what tissue we are in

A

2nd messengers produce different repsonses in different tissues, like in heart cAMP increases Ca and contractility, but in bronchial smooth muscle increased cAMP decrease Ca and produces bronchdilation

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15
Q

what is so important about 2nd messengers

A

second messenger action is tissue specific

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16
Q

Gs and adenylate cyclase

A

increase contractility from B1 and bronchdilation from B2 both use Gs & AC.

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17
Q

what are steps of cAMP 2nd messenger?

A
  1. Ligand binds
  2. receptor activates G protein
  3. G protein activates adenylyl cyclase
  4. ATP –> cAMP by AC
  5. cAMP make protein kinase phosphoralte protein
  6. tissue specific response
    examples EPI & Ach
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18
Q

what are steps of Ca 2nd messenger?

A
  1. ligand binds
  2. activates G protein (Gq)
  3. activates Phospholipase C
  4. Phospholipase C becomes IP3 & DAG
  5. IP3 releases Ca
    Bronchoconstriction
19
Q

How does NO (Nitric Oxide) work?

A

activates cGMP by diffusing through membrane, does not bind outside.
get Bronchodilation

20
Q

hwo do NTG & Nitroprusside affect bronchus?

A

promote bronchodilationby increasing concentration of cGMP.

21
Q

how does IP3 cause an effect?

A

IP3 from M3 receptor stimulation results in conversion of PIP2 to IP3 by Phospholipase C. IP3 release Ca which promotes Bronchoconstriction.

22
Q

What medications can block M3 in the lungs

A

Atropine & Ipratropium (Atrovent) block M3 and cause bronchodilation

23
Q

which first messenger dose not bind to a cell membrane receptor

A

NO diffuse thru the cell to turn GTP to cGMP

(just as ATP becomes cAMP)

24
Q

which substance least penetrates lipid Bilayer

A

IONS

25
Q

myocardial contractility by dobutamine involves what G protein, enzyme and second messenger in signal transduction system.

A

Gs, Adenylate cyclase & cAMP

26
Q

what stimulates the NaK pump

A

Insulin & Epinephrine

27
Q

which electrolyte disturbance cuases RMP to increase

A

HYPERKalemia

28
Q

5HT3 receptor is antagonized by ondansetron, what type of receptor is serontonergic 5HT3 receptor

A

ionotropic

29
Q

the ion channel that governs RMP is

A

Leaky K channel

30
Q

Anaerobic vs aerobic moles of ATP formed

A

2 vs 38, why more energy efficient

31
Q

what is end result of oxygen consumption

A

ATP production

32
Q

where is most ATP produced

A

inner membrane of mitochondria

33
Q

where is glycogen stored and for how long

A

skeletal muscles (400g) & Liver (100g) for 24 hours

34
Q

fat soluble vitamins

A

ADEK

35
Q

water soluble vitamins

A

B & C

36
Q

what properties make a substance pass thru lipid bilayer

A

small and uncharged or lipid soluble

37
Q

what substances do not diffuse thru the lipid bilayer

A

large & water soluble

38
Q

what are goblet cells and where are they located

A

in GI & respitory tract and secrete mucus

39
Q

where are ciliated cells located

A

fallopian tubes and respiratory tract

40
Q

what enzyme converts ATP to ADP

A

Adenylate cyclase

41
Q

what enzyme breaksdown cAMP to 5AMP

A

PDE - Phosphodiesterase

42
Q

which aminoacid is precursor to NO

A

L arginine

43
Q

what enzyme family catalyses the release of NO from L arginine

A

Nitric Oxide Synthase (NOS)

Prodigy (12 decks)

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