Prodigy Films A to F Flashcards
What hormones use cAMP?
Beta receptor catecholamines, PTH, Glucagon, TSH, FSH, LH
How is cAMP action terminated?
Phosphodiesterase
What is Adrenal outer-layer?
Zona Glomerulosa
Adrenal Glomerulosa secretes what?
Mineralocorticoids - aldosterone
Zona fasciculata secretes what?
Glucocorticoids
Zona reticularis secretes what?
androgens
what controls release of glucocorticoids?
ACTH
what controls release of mineralocorticoids ?
Renin/ Angiotensin system
drug potency determined by what?
determined by the affinity of the drug for its receptor
Desflurane at altitude, do you need to turn dial up or down?
At elevation ( high altitude), lower partial pressure (lower barometric pressure) so need to turn up Tec 6
amides vs esters lipophilicity and PB?
more lipophilic and more protein bound than esters
amides metabolized how and which are fast and which are slow and why?
CYP 450, prilocaine fastest, ropivacaine slowest
bupivacaine = enzyme activity, prilocaine = hepatic blood flow, metabolism altered by liver disease
Amide toxicity more or less likely than ester and why?
toxicity more likely with amide than ester, rely on hepatic clearance
Normal aortic valve area ?
2.5-3.5 cm2
Atrial Natriuretic Factor acts where and why, how does it work?
on collecting ducts of kidneys because of increased fluid in atria to inhibit water and sodium reabsorption, inhibits renin release
what is bilirubin and how is it broken down?
breakdown of heme metabolism, heme broken down to unconjugated bilirubin which is water insoluble @ high level neurotoxic, than uncog is delivered to liver bound to albumin, liver then metabolizes it with glucoronic acid and conjugates it and eliminates it thru bile
how is TBW composition made up?
60% is TBW, 40% intracellular , 20% extracellular, (extracellular than broken into plasma and interstitial)
what is anion ?
A -A N- negative ion ( mnemonic to remember it by)
Major intracellular cation and anion ?
Anion= Phosphate PO4, Cation = K+
Major extracellular anion and cation ?
anion = Chloride. cation = Na+
What is Bohr effect ?
describes how CO2 and decreased pH promote o2 release into tissues.
pH is lower, Temperature is higher, Increased CO2, O2HGB shift curve to RIGHT
What is Boyles Law?
pressure and Volume, P1V1 = P2V2, inverse relationship
as P up, volume down and vice versa,
which Bronchi leaves at less of an angle?
Right, why more likely to mainstem
how does calcium calmodulin system work?
once 3 calcium bind onto calmodulin receptors, the calmodulin then changes shape and is now able to bind to protein kinases that are able to exert an effect. it can activate myosin light kinases that are able to stimulate smooth muscle contraction