Valium

Question 1

Diazepam (Valium)

Class

Answer 1

Benzodiazepine, anxiolytic, sedative-hypnotic, and anticonvulsant

Question 2

Diazepam (Valium)

Mechanism of Action

Answer 2

Potentiates the effects of inhibitory neurotransmitters. Raises the seizure threshold. Includes amnesia and sedation.

Question 3

Diazepam (Valium)

Indications

Answer 3

Acute anxiety states, acute alcohol withdrawal (delirium tremens), muscle relaxant, seizure activity, agitation. Analgesia for medical procedures (fracture reduction, cardioversion, pacing).

Question 4

Diazepam (Valium)

Contraindications

Answer 4

Hypersensitivity, glaucoma, coma, shock, substance abuse, and head injury.

Question 5

Diazepam (Valium)

Adverse Reactions

Answer 5

Respiratory depression, hypotension, drowsiness, ataxia, reflex tachycardia, nausea, confusion, and phlebitis.

Question 6

Diazepam (Valium)

Drug Interactions

Answer 6

Incompatible with most drugs and fluids.

Question 7

Diazepam (Valium)

Adult Dosage

Answer 7

Seizure activity 5 – 10 mg IV q 10 – 15 minutes prn (5 mg over 5 minutes)(maximum single dose, 30 mg).

Question 8

Diazepam (Valium)

Pediatric Dosage

Answer 8

0.2 – 0.5 mg slow IV q 2 – 5 minutes up to 5 mg (maximum dose 10 mg/kg).

Question 9

Diazepam (Valium)

Rectal Administration

Answer 9

0.5 mg/kg via 2” rectal catheter and flush with 2 – 3 mL of air after administration.

Question 10

Diazepam (Valium)

Sedation for Cardioversion

Answer 10

5 – 15 mg IV over 5 – 10 minutes prior to cardioversion.

Question 11

Diazepam (Valium)

Onset

Answer 11

1 - 5 minutes

Question 12

Diazepam (Valium)

Peak Effect

Answer 12

Minutes

Question 13

Diazepam (Valium)

Duration

Answer 13

20 - 50 Minutes

Question 14

Diazepam (Valium)

Special Consideration

Answer 14

Short duration of anticonvulsant effects and reduce the dose by 50% in elderly patients.