Validity and faking bad

Question 1

Test validity

Answer 1

Does the test actually measure what it intends to measure?

Question 2

Assessment validity

Answer 2

Do patients present/disclose their symptoms accurately? Includes both performance validity and symptom validity

Question 3

Judgement validity

Answer 3

Do conclusions follow logically from empirical knowledge?

Question 4

Construct validity

Answer 4

Does the test measure ONLY what it claims to measure?

Question 5

Criterion validity

Answer 5

Is the criterion used to evaluate the condition correct/valid?

Question 6

Faking bad

Answer 6

1. Cry for help is a circular argument with no empirical basis
2. No correlation found with deceptive skills
3. ASPD and psychopathy:
   - No empirical evidence for correlation
   - Subject to confirmation bias
4. TOMM shows activation of frontal networks including medial and superior PFC but has low sensitivity (50%) and specificity (70%)

Question 7

Malingering

Answer 7

Symptoms are intentionally produced motivated by external incentives

Question 8

Factitious disorders

Answer 8

Symptoms are intentionally produced motivated by internal incentives

Question 9

Somatoform disorders

Answer 9

Symptoms are unintentionally produced

Question 10

Criminological model of malingering

Answer 10

1. Supposes that malingering is an antisocial act likely to be committed by antisocial individuals
2. Does not explain why malingering is linked to ASB
3. Does not consider faking good
4. Ignores that faked symptoms may still be genuine

Question 11

Psychopathology = Superordinate

Answer 11

The idea that psychopathology can lead to or explain symptom validity test failure. It is a circular argument when it is not based on information which is independent from the examinee.