Validity

Question 1

Two types of validity

Answer 1

Internal
External

Question 2

Internal validity

Answer 2

The study measures what it intends to measure (as confounding variables have been controlled and will not affect results)

Question 3

External validity

Answer 3

Whether the study paints a true picture of real life behaviours (mudane realism) and would apply to different places, different times or different people (population validity)

Question 4

What are validity issues

Answer 4

Researcher bias
Demand characteristics
Social desirability

Question 5

Researcher bias

Answer 5

Researcher directly or indirectly influences the results of the study, through the process of designing the study or through the way the research is conducted

Question 6

Demand characteristics

Answer 6

Participants unconsciously work out the aim and act differently

Question 7

Social desirability

Answer 7

Participants give the response they think will show them in the best possible light meaning they are not true reflection of their thoughts/feelings

Question 8

How do we deal with validity issues

Answer 8

Double blind procedure
Single blind procedure
Giving participants anonymity and confidentiality

Question 9

How can researcher bias be overcome

Answer 9

Double blind procedure
Neither researcher collecting data
Nor participant involved , knowing true aims of study also reduces demand characteristics

Question 10

How can social desirability and demand characteristics be overcome

Answer 10

Single blind procedure
This involves participant being unaware until after their is complete

Question 11

How can independent groups reduce validity

Answer 11

Giving participants anonymity and confidentiality when they give answers increases validity

Question 12

Face validity

Answer 12

Whether test appears (at face value) to measure what it claims to and and hence is objective
Tests where the purpose is clear even to naïve respondents they are said to have high face validity