validity Flashcards
model we create to study our reasoning. there can be infinitely many
logical system
the rules and principles of reasoning that we use every day. the study of our reasoning.
logic
the structure of logic. replacing words with symbols reveals form. reasoning depends on form
formal/ symbolic logic
whenever the premises are true, the conclusion is also true.
deductive logical entailment
true or false: it is impossible for the premises to be true and the conclusion false
true
true or false: whenever the premises are true, the conclusion cannot be false
true
what makes a valid argument?
premises entail the conclusion
possibility and likelihood in logic. (“probably”, “likely”)
inductive logic
guarantee and certainty in logic (“it is certain that…”, “guarantees that”)
deductive logic
give people the benefit of doubt and interpret their arguments in a reasonable way
principle of clarity
true or false: circular reasoning is valid
true
true or false: an argument w contradictory premises is valid
true
what makes an argument invalid?
when the premises are true and the conclusion is false
a necessary truth due to logical laws
logical truth
a necessary falsehood due to logical laws
logical falsity