Validity Flashcards
What is meant by Validity ?
Is the test measuring what it should measure ?
It gives meaning to a test and gives a indication of the usefulness of a test
What are the types of validity ?
1) Face validity
2) Content validity
3) Criterion validity ( Concurrent / Productive)
4) Construct validity ( Convergent / Divergent)
What is meant by Face Validity ?
If on the surface the measure seems to measure what it should . It does not refer to what is actually being measured, but what it appears to measure
It is determined by review of items, and not statistical analysis
What is meant by Content validity ?
The degree to which a test measures an intended content area. It is established through judgement by expert judges and statistical measures such as factor analysis
What is meant by Criterion validity ?
How well a test score estimates or predicts a criterion behaviour or outcome, now or in the future
Explain the different types of Criterion Validity
1) Concurrent validity is the extent to which test scores can correctly identify the current state of individuals
2) Predictive validity is how well a performance on one test predict future performance on the same other measure
What is meant by Construct validity ?
Looks at the relationship between the construct we want to measure and other constructs - to what other constructs is this construct similar/different to
What is meant by a construct ?
A hypothetical attribute that we think exists but is not directly measurable
What is the evidence of Construct validity ?
1) Convergent validity : High correlations between tests that measure similar constructs
2) Divergent validity : Scores on tests have low correlations with other test that measures different constructs
What are the factors affecting validity ?
1) reliability : must demonstrate reliability before validity
2) Social diversity : test may not be equally valid for different social/cultural groups
What is the relationship between Validity and Reliability
If a test is not Valid, then Reliability is uncertain. If a test is not Reliable, than it is unvalid
Why do some people not consider Face Validity as a real Validity measure ?
Does not refer to what is actually being measured, but rather what it appears to measure. It is determined through review of items, and not statistical analysis
How do we establish content validity ?
-Judgement by expert judges
-Statistical methods such as factor analysis
What are the aspects of content validity ?
Construct under-representation and Construct-irrelevant variance
