Validating new Knowledge

Question 1

What does replication mean?

Answer 1

Repeating the study in exactly the same way

The findings will be valid if they are the same as the first one

Question 2

What does triangulation mean?

Answer 2

More than one source of data of different types

Multiple sources of data improve the likelihood that the findings are genuine and provide support

Question 3

How do you carry out triangulation?

Answer 3

Different methods
Different measures
Different researchers
Different ppts

Question 4

What does cross cultural mean?

Answer 4

Some findings are universal across all cultures whereas others differ between cultures
Results can be validated universally

Question 5

What is a review?

Answer 5

Summary of the results of one topic
Extended account
Find overall trends

Question 6

What are the problems with reviews?

Answer 6

Cherry picking = accuracy decreased

Statistical analysis not systematic

Question 7

What is a Meta analysis?

Answer 7

Sophisticated review which deals with the issues with reviews

Question 8

What was Cohen’s scale?

Answer 8

0.2 = small effect
0.5 = medium
0.8 = large
1 = rarely found

Question 9

What is the good thing about meta analysis

Answer 9

Results can emerge from it that would not have in single studies - significance level reached with more data

Question 10

What is the file drawer problem?

Answer 10

If a researcher doesn’t find a significant result they either:
don’t try to publish it or..
do and the journal doesn’t publish it

Question 11

What does the FDP lead to?

Answer 11

Misleading patterns in sectors of psychology

Results are sometimes published in a misleading way

Question 12

What is the point of a peer review?

Answer 12

Process designed to ensure good quality research

It increased the knowledge base

Question 13

What is stage 1 of PR?

Answer 13

PR by experts from the journal-

decide whether the research is worth publishing based on methodological and other criteria

Question 14

How does stage 1 of PR work?

Answer 14

It is submitted in a standard format (abstract, intro, method, results and discussion)
Assessed by staff at the journal - editor/board and external reviewers
Blind reviewing is preferable

Question 15

What is stage 2 of PR?

Answer 15

Peer reviewed by the wider academic community
They challenge findings
Develop / amend theories
Cite it on other papers

Question 16

What is good about stage 2 of PR?

Answer 16

It is peer reviewed by people who conduct research in the same field - learning for everyone

Question 17

What are the strengths of part 1 of PR?

Answer 17

Gives the academic community a set of standard for research
Ensures that research is of high methodological quality - valid and reliable
Helps filter through research so people wont have to wade through hundreds of cases

Question 18

What are the strengths of part 2 of PR?

Answer 18

Enables the development of a body of knowledge
Review by an audience in the same field should ensure progress is made within the sector
The knowledge can be brought down into text books and courses

Question 19

What are the limitations of part 1 of PR?

Answer 19

Does not solve the FDP

Question 20

What are the limitations of part 2 of PR?

Answer 20

Certain types of study are less likely to be published - replications
Findings that contradict the theoretical viewpoint of the reviewer may be critiqued more
Very slow process
Internet is allowing the opportunity for open publishing - no stage one and quicker stage 2