Vaginal Infections Flashcards
What is Lactobacillus sp.?
-normal flora of mouth, stomach, GI track, GU tract
Facultative or strict anaerobic
-gram (+) rod
-Facultative or strict anaerobic rod
Man, which infections produce a discharge?
bacterial vaginosis (not std
candidiasis (NOT std
Trichomonas (ahhhh std)
If they are taking a cervical sample, what are they looking for?
AN STD! mother fucker
And if they are taking a vaginal sample, what are those mofos looing for>
A vaginal infection
bacterial vaginosis (not std
candidiasis (NOT std
Trichomonas (ahhhh std)
common, rare, what are they ahhhh!
bacterial vaginosis (most common)
candidiasis (2nd most common)
Trichomonas (rare)
How would BV present clinically?
What are the characteristics of BV? Ahhhh!
-NO pain, NO itching (pruritus), NO trouble taking a piss (dysuria)
-watery (not heavy) discharge adheres to vaginal wall (does not smelly good)
putrescine, cadaverine, trimethylamine
-a bit of a basic ph compared to normal!
Are there any specific tests we could use to detect bacterial vaginas, which is nasty fucking stuff ahhhhh
yeah a positive amine test would be one way to know
‘whiff test’ (fishy smell)
IF you havent got a clue then what the fuck are you?
BV
Clue cell - so many bacteria, but NO pmns becaue the immune system doesnt see it as a threat so doesnt respond
-slide #20
What are the Causative agents of BV?
- Gardnerella vaginalis (not an STD!)
- mycoplasmas
-anaerobes –
Peptostreptococci
Bacteroides spp.
Mobiluncus spp.
How to diagnose Gardnerella vaginalis
gram variable
-see the clue cell and you know!
mycoplasma, how to treat?
wellp you could not treat this infection with a beta lactam (penicillin)
because they work by disrupting the cell wall (mycoplasma has no gosh damn cell wall and therefore is not seen on a gram stain
Mobiluncus and other anaerobes
- -Classified as gram positive
- susceptible to vancomycin
- -Lack endotoxin
- Obligate anaerobic
- gram variable curved
- rod with tapered ends
signs and symptoms of Streptococcus agalactiae
- Vaginal colonization:
- bladder infections
- premature delivery,
- prolonged membrane rupture
- postpartum fever
Causative agents of Group B Strep
Streptococcus agalactiae
special tests for group B strep?
beta hemolytic
gram stain - gram (+) cocci in chains
characteristics of streptococcus agalactiae
polysaccharide capsule and antibodies that are protective
lancefield grouping: group B
complication of Group B strep
it can be transmitted to infant during birth (in thebirth canal)
-since the organism is encapsulated (and babies have no immune system) the organism can get into the brain and cause meningitis
characteristics of neonatal disease
-early onset (less than 7 day old kid) of:
Bacteremia
Pneumonia
Meningitis
-these are severe consequences (result of the baby aspirating the organism)
organism responsible for causing VVC (Vulvovaginal candidiasis)
Candida albicans (its a fungus)
the source is primarily endogenous so its an opportunistic infection
describe signs and symptoms of VVC
- cottage cheese discharge
- itching/burning sensation
- swelling of labia and vulva (but cervix is normal)
- erythema (redness of skin)
What are the indicators of Candida albicans?
- germ tube production!
- stains gram (+)!
- pseudohyphae and budding yeast on the gram stain
- pseudohyphae on cornmeal agar
- only a few PMNs seen
- THIS IS THE ONLY ORGANISM WE TALK ABOUT that grows on Sabouraud dextrose agar!!!
Why are candida infections easy to treat.
THEY arent! its a fungal infection which is a EUKaryotic organism - so tough to treat without harming host
Who is likely to get candida infections (of any type not just albicans)?
*immunocompromised individuals (systemic infections) Thrush – HIV (dentists recognize) Esophagitis - HIV infants - diaper rash Nail infection – dishwasher
What organism causes huge amounts of a frothy green discharge?
Trichomoniasis vaginalis (causes the trichomoniasis infection)
