Vaccinology Flashcards
Active vaccine
Causes host organism to undergo an immune response.
More immunogenic
Passive vaccine
Provides organism with a prefabricated immune response
- i.e anti-toxins, immunoglobulins
examples
- Post-exposition prophylaxis with Hep-B Ab
Live/ Attenuated vaccines
- Description
- Examples
Contains weakened antigens
- Provides strong immune response
Cannot be given to immnocompromised people
Examples
- BCD
- Shingles
- MMR
- Nasal spray flu
Inactivated vaccines
Contains antigens that have been destroyed
- Cannot replicate in the body but can be recognised by the immune system enough to mount a response.
Provide weaker immune response
- Requires boosters
Examples:
- Influenza
- Petrussis
- Poliomyelitis
- Thyphoid
Examples of toxoid vaccines
Tetanus
Diphteria
Childhood immunisations
- 8 weeks
Infanrix hexa- in thigh Diptheria Tetanus Pertussis Polio Hib Hep B
Pneumonoccoal conjugate vaccine (PCV)- against 13 serotypes
- In thigh
Meningococcal Group B
- Men B in left thigh
Rotavirus gastroenteritis
- Rotavirus vaccine
- By mouth
Childhood immunisations
- 12 weeks
DTaP/ IPV/ Hib/ Hep B
Rotavirus
Childhood immunisations
- 16 weeks
DTaP/ IPV/ Hib/ Hep B
PCV
MenB
Childhood immunisations
- 1 year
Hib + MenC
PCV
MMR
MenB
Childhood immunisations
- 2-8 years
Live attenuated Influenza
Childhood immunisations
- Girls 12-13 years
HPV
- cervical cancer
- type 16 and 18 (Ca)
- Types 6 and 11 (genitals warts)
Childhood immunisations
- 14 year olds
Td/ IPV
- tetanus
- Diphtheria
- Polio
MenACWY
- Meningococcal
Childhood diphtheria vaccinations
8, 12 and 16 weeks: 6-in-1 vaccine(3 separate doses)
3 years 4 months: 4-in-1 pre-school booster
14 years: 3-in-1 teenage booster
Examples of passive immunisation in practice
Hyperimmune serum after exposure
- Hep B
- Tetanus
- Rabies
- VZV hyperimmune globulin for babies born to mothers with varicella
Measles disease complications
Pneumonia
- 6 in 100
Encephalitis
- 1 in 1000
Death
- 2 in 1000
Damage in B cell memory?
