Antimicrobial agents Flashcards
Clarythromycin
- Drug type
- Indication
- Mechanism
Macrolide antibiotic
Indications
- Penicillin allergy S. pyogenes
- Pneumococcal infections
- Coliform (UTI)
- Cell-wall deficient bacteria (chlamydia)
Mechanism
- Inhibits protein synthesis of 50s subunit in ribosomes.
Bacteria clarythromycin is active against (4)
S. pyogenes
- Sore throat
- Skin infections
Coliform
- UTI
Pneumococcal
- Respiratory
Chlamydia
Clarythromycin interactions
Inhibitor of cytochrome P450
Vancomycin
- Drug type
- Indication
- Mechanism
Glycopeptide antibiotic
Indications- administered IV
- Gram +/ve bacteria
- MRSA
Mechanism
- Inhibits peptidoglycan formation
Bacteria vancomycin is active against (4)
Used to treat conditions as last resort Gram positive bacteria.
MRSA meningitis
C.difficile (orally)
Skin infections
- S. epidermis
Doxycycline
- Drug type
- Indication
- Mechanism
Tetracycline antibiotic
Indication: gram positive bacteria, some gram negatives
- Strep (resp tract)
- Staph
- Haemophilus
- Cell-wall deficient: chlamydia
Mechanism
- Inhibits bacterial ribosome (30s unit0
Bacteria/ conditions deoxycycline is active against (7)
Gram positive bacteria:
- Bacterial pneumonia (Chlamydia, mycoplasma)
- Acne
- Chlamydia
- Cholera
- Thyphus
- Syphilis
- Anthrax
Nitrofurantoin (Microbid)
- Drug type
- Indication
- Mechanism
Nitrofuran antibiotic
Indications
- Lower UTIs
- Not good for kidney infections
Mechanism
- Not really known, affects bacterial DNA
Bacteria/ conditions Nitrofurantoin is active against (5)
Wide spectrum
- E.coli + some other enterobacteriae
- Staph saprophyticus
- S. aureus
- Enterococcus
- Some strep (Coagulase negative Staph)
Bacteria resistant to nitrofurantoin
Enterobacter
Pseudomonas
Effects of less antibiotic use
Reduces risk
- resistant re-infection
- superinfection
Improves clinical outcome
- Studies show reduced risk of mortality
Agents E.coli is most resistant too
Gentamicin
Co-amoxiclav (50%)
Piperacillin-tazobactam
Factors that determine the antibiotic prescribed
Microbial aetiology
Patient factors
- Severity of condition
Anti-microbial resistance
Anti-biotic knowledge
Cephalosporins
- Classification
- Indications
- Mechanism
Beta-lactam antibiotic
Indications
- Alternative to penicillin allergy
- First generation: gram positive
- Later generation: gram negative and positive
Mechanism
- Disrupt peptidoglycan synthesis
