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IHO Week 2 > Vaccines -Johns > Flashcards

Vaccines -Johns Flashcards

1
Q

Live Attenuated:

A
  • live microbes are weakened by growing them for many generations in animals/tissue cultures
  • oral polio, MMR, zoster
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2
Q

Inactivated:

A
  • whole organism that have been KILLED. Stimulate the immune system but do not cause disease :)
  • polio, influenza, Hepatitis A
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3
Q

Inactivated toxins:

A

-some bacteria cause disease by producing toxins. Inactivated toxins are used to prevent diseases

Tetanus, diphtheria

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4
Q

Subunit Vaccines: New type!

A
  • use only a part of the bacterium or virus

- typhoid, hepatitis B, pertussis, meningitis

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5
Q

Conjugate Vaccines

New type

A

Link proteins from a second organism to the outer coat of the bacteria.
Allows a baby’s immune system to recognize the bacteria.

Haemophilus influenzae B, pneumococcus

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6
Q

Edible vaccines- new

WHAT! Mensink Farms should hop on this train

A

Genetically engineered potatoes, bananas, and tomatoes that, when eaten, will initiate an immune response against harmful intestinal bacteria and viruses.

E.coli, entertoxin, rabies

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7
Q

Plantibodies?

A

specific antibodies made in plants

strep mutans (tooth decay)

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8
Q

Influenza immunization recommendation?

A

Annual vaccine for all children to age 18

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9
Q

Meningococcal immunization

recommendation

A

All children at 11-12 yrs

  • college students in dorms
  • People missing spleen
  • if you have immune disorder
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10
Q

What about the side effects of vaccines, doc?

A
  • Most are minor and temporary
  • Side effects of disease are much more serious

NO medical intervention is as effective as immunization!

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11
Q

VALID contraindications to vaccination?

A
  • Anaphylactic reaction
  • Prior high fever
  • Immunodeficiency
  • Pregnancy
  • Significant acute illness
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12
Q

Influenza :

Symptoms

A

Myalgias, fever, non-productive cough, headache, severe malaise, sore throat, rhinitis

20,000 deaths/year

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13
Q

Influenza vaccine for nursing home residents

A

50-60% effective in preventing pneumonia and hospitalization
60-70% effective in preventing DEATH

*NOT effective in reducing ambulatory care visits for respiratory problems

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14
Q

Influenza vaccine for health adults

A

25% fewer episodes of URI. reduces sick leave and visits to physician due to URI and saves $46.85 per person vaccinated

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15
Q

Influenza Vaccine indications?

A

EVERYONE

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16
Q

Influenza vaccine contraindications?

A
  • Anaphylacitc hypersensitivity to eggs
  • Allergy to THIMEROSOL
  • History of Guillain- Barre Syndrome
  • Acute febrile conditions (just delay until resolved)
17
Q

Pneumococcal Vaccine

Side effects and revaccination?

A

S.E: 50% have local erythema and soreness
Revaccination: after 5 years for pts w/ chronic renal failure, nephrotic syndrome, transplanted organs or asplenia
-after 5 years if initial immunization was before 65

18
Q

Hep A vaccine:
Type?
Efficacy?
Indications?

A

Inactivated vaccine
efficacy 94%

Give to: travelers to Mexico, S.America, Africa, SE Asia

  • injecting drug users
  • pts with chronic liver disease
  • military
  • healthcare providers?
19
Q

Hep B vaccine

*chronic Hep B leads to hepatobiliary cancer

A

-Give to at risk adults and for travelers, health care providers

  • 3 doses = 95% efficacy
  • minimal S.E. :)
20
Q

Tdap: Tetanus, diptheria, acellular pertussis

A

Immunity wanes 5-10 yrs after vac.

11-65 yr olds should receive a single booster
-health care workers

21
Q

Varicella Zoster vaccine

A

-60+ may receive dose of vaccine

$150!

22
Q

HPV

A

100% effective in preventing HPV genital lesions and CIN

Give to: 11-12 yr olds

  • sexually active women 13-26
  • males 13-21, 22-26 for high risk

$360 for 3 injections

23
Q

HIV vaccine in the future?

A

Arecombinant vaccine- alter organisms’ genetic structure by removing a key gene or modifying the DNA

Problems: HIV hyper variability

24
Q

Future Malaria vaccine?

A

Phase I/II trials underway using arecombinant technology

-P.falciparum chromosome mapped

25
Q

Tuberculosis Vaccine

A

1 for infectious disease deaths!

BCG vaccine has been used for many years

26
Q

Vaccines for autoimmune diseases?

A

Myelin in MS?
Type 2 collagen in RA?
Retinal antigen in uveitis?
Insulin in DM1?

IHO Week 2 (14 decks)

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