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Pediatrics exam 2 > Vaccines and Immunizations > Flashcards

Vaccines and Immunizations Flashcards

1
Q

DTap Brand names

A

Infanrix®
Daptacel®

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2
Q

DTap stands for

A

Diphtheria & Tetanus Toxoids/Acellular Pertussis

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3
Q

DTap vaccine MOA

A

Conveys active immunity via stimulation of production of endogenously
produced antibodies (Inactivated & Microbial products)

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4
Q

Contradindications for DTap Vaccine

A
  • Documented hypersensitivity
  • Hx of Adverse reaction to prior tetanus vaccination (<10 yr have elapsed)
  • Hx of encephalopathy (within 7 days of administration not attributable to
    other causes), progressive neurologic disorder including uncontrolled or
    progressive epilepsy, infantile spasms, with pertussis-containing vaccine
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5
Q

Side Effects of DTaP

A
  • Swelling, erythema, fever, drowsiness, fussiness, irritability anorexia,
    lethargy, swelling, tenderness, angioedema, apnea, cellulitis, cough,
    cyanosis, ear pain, headache, hypotonia, limb swelling, pruritus
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6
Q

Routine Dosing Schedule for DTaP

A
  • 4 doses
    1. 2 mo
    2. 4 mo
    3. 6 mo
    4. 15-20 mo
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7
Q

MMRI Mechanism

A

Conveys active immunity via stimulation of production of
endogenously produced antibodies (Live attenuated virus)

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8
Q

Contraindications for MMRI

A
  • Documented hypersensitivity
  • Immunosuppression
  • Pregnancy (avoid pregnancy for 3 months following)
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9
Q

Side Effects of MMRI

A

arthralgia/arthritis, fever, urticaria, rash, pruritus, injection
site rxn, headache, dizziness, malaise, irritability

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10
Q

Suspected adverse events after administration of any vaccine may be
reported to _____

A

Vaccine Adverse Events Reporting System (VAERS)

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11
Q

Pregnancy and MMRI

A

Category X (avoid pregnancy for 3 months following)

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12
Q

Routine Dosing Schedule for MMR

A
  • 2 doses
    1. 12-15 months
    2. 4-6 y
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13
Q

Length of Immunity for MMR

A

> 15 years after 2 doses

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14
Q

Poliovirus vaccine brand names

A

IPOL®
IPV®
Poliovax®

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15
Q

Poliovirus mechanism

A

Conveys active immunity via stimulation of production of
endogenously produced antibodies (3 strains of inactivated virus)

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16
Q

Contraindications for poliovirus vaccine

A
  • Hypersensitivity to neomycin, streptomycin, polymixin B
  • Defer if acute febrile illness
  • Concomitant methotrexate
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17
Q

Poliovirus vaccine side effects

A

Irritability, fatigue, injection site rxn, anorexia, fever, vomiting

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18
Q

Poliovirus Routine Dosing Schedule

A

4 doses
1. 2 mo
2. 4 mo
3. 6-18 mo
4. 4-6 yo

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19
Q

Hepatitis A vaccine Brand names

A

Havrix®
Vaqta®

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20
Q

Hepatitis A Mechanism

A

Conveys active immunity via stimulation of production of
endogenously produced antibodies (Inactivated virus)

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21
Q

Side Effects of Hep A vaccine

A

injection site rxn, irritability, anorexia, fatigue, headache, fever,
malaise, nausea, myalgia, URI, diarrhea

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22
Q

Routine Dosing Schedule for Hep A vaccine

A

2 doses*
1. 12 mo
2. 24 mo
*Interval between doses varies by brand

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23
Q

Hepatitis B vaccine brands

A

Pediarix®
Recombivax HB

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24
Q

Hepatitis B Vaccine mechanism

A

Conveys active immunity via stimulation of production of
endogenously produced antibodies (Inactivated virus)

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25
Q

Hepatitis B Vaccine side effects

A

injection site rxn, irritability, fever, diarrhea, fatigue/weakness,
↓ appetite (peds pts), headache, malaise, rhinitis, nausea

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26
Q

Hepatitis B
Routine Dosing Schedule

A

3 doses*
1. Birth
2. 1 mo
3. 6 mo
*Interval between doses varies by brand

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27
Q

Rotavirus Brands

A

Rotarix®
RotaTeq®

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28
Q

Rotavirus mechanism

A

Conveys active immunity via stimulation of production of endogenously produced antibodies (Live attenuated virus replicates in the small intestine leading to immune response)

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29
Q

Contraindication for rotavirus

A
  • Hypersensitivity
  • Immunosuppression
  • Infants aged <6 weeks & >32 weeks
  • Risk of intussusception
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30
Q

Routine Dosing Schedule for Rotavirus

A

2-3 doses*
1. 2 mo
2. 4 mo
*Interval between doses varies by brand

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31
Q

Haemophilus Influenzae Type B
Mechanism brands

A

ActHIB®
Hiberix®
Liquid PedvaxHIB®

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32
Q

Haemophilus Influenzae Type B mechanism

A

Conveys active immunity via stimulation of production of endogenously produced antibodies (Antigenic capsular polysaccharides)

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33
Q

Haemophilus Influenzae Type B routine dosing schedule

A

4 doses*
1. 2 mo
2. 4 mo
3. 6 mo
4. 12 mo
*Interval between doses varies by brand

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34
Q

Pneumococcal 13 brands

A

Prevnar 13®

35
Q

Pneumococcal 13 mechanism

A

Conveys active immunity via stimulation of production of
endogenously produced antibodies against 13 Strep. Pneumoniae
serotypes (Inactivated virus)

36
Q

Pneumococcal 13 side effects

A

injection site rxn, irritability, altered sleep patterns, fatigue,
headache, ↓appetite, musculoskeletal pain, rigors, fever, rash, V/D

37
Q

Pneumococcal 13 routine dosing

A
  • 4 doses
    1. 2 mo
    2. 4 mo
    3. 6 mo
    4. 12 mo
38
Q

Influenza vaccine brands

A

Fluarix®
Fluzone®
Fluzon®
FluLaval®
Flucelvax®
Afluria®

39
Q

Contraindications for influenza vaccine

A

Hypersensitivity to any component or egg protein

39
Q

Influenza mechanism

A

Conveys active immunity via stimulation of production of
endogenously produced antibodies (Inactivated virus A & B subunits)

40
Q

Influenza vaccine side effects

A

injection site rxn, drowsiness (peds pts), headache, fatigue, irritability (peds pts), myalgia, ↓appetite peds pts), nausea/vomiting, arthralgia, diarrhea, shivering, fever

41
Q

Routine Dosing Schedule for Influenza

A
  • 6 mo
  • Annually
42
Q

Varicella vaccine brand name

A

Varivax®

43
Q

Varicella mechanism

A

Conveys active immunity via stimulation of production of endogenously
produced antibodies (Live attenuated virus)

44
Q

Varicella vaccine contraindications

A
  • Hypersensitivity to gelatin, neomycin
  • Pregnancy
  • HIV: CD4+ count <200 cells/mcL
  • Primary & acquired immunodeficiency states
  • Current febrile illness
  • Active TB
45
Q

Varicella pregnancy category

A

Category X

46
Q

Varicella Dosing schedule

A
  • 12 mo
  • 4 yo
47
Q

Length of Immunity for varicella

A

10+ years

48
Q

Meningococcus vaccine Brand names

A

Menactra®
Menveo®
Trumenba®
Bexsero®

49
Q

Meningococcus mechanism

A

Conveys active immunity by complement-mediated antibody-
dependent killing of N. meningitidis (Inactivated Bacteria)

50
Q

Routine Dosing Schedule for Meningococcus

A

2 doses
1. 12 yo
2. 16 yo

51
Q

Human Papilloma Virus vaccine brand name

A

Gardasil 9®

52
Q

Human Papilloma Virus mechanism

A

Conveys active immunity via stimulation of production of
endogenously produced antibodies (Inactivated virus)

53
Q

Human Papilloma Virus vaccine indication

A

Prevention cervical, vulvar, vaginal cancer, anal cancer, & condyloma
acuminata (HPV Types 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 45, 52, & 58)

54
Q

Human Papilloma Virus vaccine contraindication

A

Hypersensitivity to yeast

55
Q

Routine Dosing Schedule for HPV vaccine

A

2-3 doses
– 0 mo & 6-12 mo for 2 total doses
– 0 mo, 1-2 mo, & 6 mo for 3 total doses

56
Q

Length of Immunity for HPV vaccine

A

At least 2 years

57
Q

Yellow Fever vaccine brand name

A

YF Vax®

58
Q

Yellow Fever vaccine mechanism

A

Conveys active immunity via stimulation of production of endogenously
produced antibodies (Live attenuated virus)

59
Q

Yellow Fever vaccine contraindications

A
  • Hypersensitivity to chicken eggs
  • Acute or febrile disease
  • Immunosuppressed patients
  • Infants <9 months (per manufacturer due to risk of encephalitis)
  • Lactation
60
Q

Yellow Fever vaccine routine dosing

A

1 dose at > 9 mo

61
Q

Typhoid vaccine brand name

A

Vivotif®

62
Q

Typhoid vaccine mechanism

A

Conveys active immunity via stimulation of production of
endogenously produced antibodies (Live attenuated oral bacteria)

63
Q

Typhoid vaccine routine dosing

A

≥6 years
– 1 capsule PO every other day x 4 doses (days 0, 2, 4, & 6)

64
Q

Rabies vaccine brand names

A

HDCV®
Imovax Rabies®

65
Q

Rabies vaccine mechanism

A

Conveys active immunity via stimulation of production of
endogenously produced antibodies (Inactivated virus)

66
Q

Contraindications for rabies vaccine

A

Hypersensitivity to vaccine or neomycin (preexposure prophylaxis
only)
– No contraindications for post-exposure

67
Q

Pregnancy and rabies vaccine

A

Administer only if potential benefits outweigh potential risks

68
Q

Routine Dosing Schedule of rabies vaccine

A

Administer on days 0, 7, & 21 or 28

69
Q

Passive Immunity

A
  • Patient given a large quantity of preformed antibodies
  • This does not confer long-term protection
    – Provides an immediate but short-term antibody response
  • No long lasting antibodies result
70
Q

Hepatitis B Immune Globulin brand names

A

h big®
Hep B Gammagee®
HepaGam B®
HyperHep®
HyperHEP B S/D®

71
Q

Hepatitis B Immune Globulin mechanism

A

Pooled human immune globulins from donors; nonpyrogenic solution
that contains immunoglobulin G specific to hepatitis B surface
antigen

72
Q

Indication for Hepatitis B Immune Globulin

A
  • Newborns Born to HBs Ag-positive Mothers
  • Postexposure Prophylaxis
73
Q

Contraindications for Hepatitis B Immune Globulin

A
  • Hypersensitivity to human globulin
  • Severe thrombocytopenia or coagulation disorders
74
Q

Adverse Effects of Hepatitis B Immune Globulin

A

hypersensitivity rxn, anaphylaxis, hyperviscosity, thromboembolism,
viral transmission risk

75
Q

Length of Immunity for Hepatitis B Immune Globulin

A

3-6 months

76
Q

Rabies Immune Globulin brand names

A

HyperRAB S/D®
KedRab®
Imogam Rabies HT®

77
Q

Rabies Immune Globulin mechanism

A

Human immune globulins from donors

78
Q

Length of Immunity for Rabies Immune Globulin

A

1-2 weeks

79
Q

Tetanus Immune Globulin brand names

A

Hyper Tet®
HyperTET S/D®
TIG®

80
Q

Length of Immunity for Tetanus Immune Globulin

A

2-3 weeks

81
Q

Botulism Immune Globulin brand names

A

BabyBIG®

82
Q

Botulism Immune Globulin vaccine mechanism

A

Derived from the plasma of adults immunized with botulinum toxoid types A & B. Provides antibodies to neutralize circulating toxins

83
Q

Length of Immunity for Botulism Immune Globulin vaccine

A

~6 months

Pediatrics exam 2 (6 decks)

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