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Pediatrics exam 2 > Development and Assessment tools > Flashcards

Development and Assessment tools Flashcards

1
Q

What does a well child examination include?

A

Ø Growth measurements
Ø History
Ø Physical Exam
Ø Developmental Assessment
Ø Anticipatory Guidance
Ø Immunizations
Ø Answer questions

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2
Q

Five Critical Areas of normal development surveillance

A
  1. Physical Growth
  2. Gross Motor Control
  3. Fine Motor Control
  4. Language
  5. Personal-Social
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3
Q

Normal Development at 1 month

A

Physical Growth (since birth)
ØReturn to birth weight by 2 weeks
Ø~1-2 in. ↑ length
Gross Motor Control
ØLift head while prone
Throaty sounds
ØVowels: \ah\, \uh\, \ee\
ØPersonal-Social

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4
Q

Normal Development: 2 months

A

Physical Growth (since birth)
Ø~4 lb.
Ø~2-3 in.
Gross Motor Control
ØBegins to push up when prone
Ø Fine Motor Control
ØSymmetrical limb movement
Language
ØSmiles socially, different
cry/need, non-crying sounds
ØVowel sounds (“eh”), coos,
squeals start (2 ½ months)
Personal-Social
ØRecognizes parent

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5
Q

Normal Development: 4 months

A

Gross Motor Control
Ø Rolls from front to back, reaches
Ø Holds head steady (upright)
Ø Fine Motor Control
Ø Ulnar grasp

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6
Q

Gross Motor Control at 6 months

A

Ø Sits/tripod
Ø Reaches with one hand
Ø Roll from back to front

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7
Q

Normal development: 9 months

A

Gross Motor Control
ØCrawls, pulls to feet with support
ØMay stand alone, cruise
Fine Motor Control
ØPincer grasp, holds bottle,
throws object

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8
Q

Normal Development: 12 months

A

Gross Motor Control
ØWalks, bangs toys together,
Øpulls to stand, stands alone
Fine Motor Control

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9
Q

Normal development 12-24 months

A

Physical Growth: refer to growth charts
Ø Gross Motor:
Ø 15 months: Crawls upstairs
Ø walks backwards independently
Ø 18 months: Runs, throws objects from standing
without falling, walks up steps with help
Ø 24 months: Walks up & down steps
without help, kicks a ball, jumps

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10
Q

Language in the second year

A

15 months: 3-6 words, simple command without gesture, Consonants: t, d, w, n, h
Ø 18 months: Mature jargoning (some intelligible words), 6-10 word vocabulary, understands 5 body parts, follows two-step commands
Ø 24 months: Uses pronouns (I, you, me)
inappropriately, 50-word vocabulary,
uses two word sentences, can verbalize toilet need

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11
Q

Gross and fine motor changes at 3 years old

A

Ø Gross Motor: Can alternate feet
when going up steps,
pedals tricycle, stand on 1 foot
Ø Fine Motor: Copies a circle,
undresses completely, dresses
partially, washes & dries hands if
reminded, unbuttons,
draws a person (2 body parts)

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12
Q

How much language does a 3 year old have?

A

250 words, 2-3-word sentences, uses plurals, knows first and last name, knows pronouns,
understandable, understands prepositions (on, in, under, by

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13
Q

Normal personal-social development at year 3

A

Personal-Social: Group play, shares
toys, takes turns, plays with others,
self-care skills, imaginative play,
toilet trained, knows own sex

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14
Q

Normal gross and fine motor control at 4 years

A

Ø Gross Motor: Hops, skips, alternates feet going down steps, brushes own teeth
Ø Fine Motor: Copies a square,
buttons clothing, dresses self completely, catches ball, draws a person (3 body parts)

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15
Q

Language at 4 years old

A

Knows hundreds of
words, knows 4 colo , says a
song or poem from memory,
asks questions, knows full name,
age, gender

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16
Q

Personal-social development at 4 years old

A

Tells “tall tales,” fantasy play, plays cooperatively with a group of children

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17
Q

Normal growth and motor skills at 5 years

A

Ø Physical Growth: See charts, healthy eating
Ø Gross Motor: Skips alternating feet,
jumps over. Low obstacles, can tie a knot
Ø Fine Motor: Copies triangle, ties shoes,
spreads with knife, draws a person
(6 body parts), prints some letters &
numbers

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18
Q

Language at 5 years old

A

Language: May know more
than 1000 words, prints
first name, asks what a
word means, good
articulation, counts to 10,
listens/attends

19
Q

Personal-social at 5 years old

A

Personal-Social: Plays competitive games, abides by rules, likes helping in
household tasks

20
Q

Normal growth and motor control at 6 years old

A

Ø Physical Growth: see chart,
healthy eating
Ø Gross Motor Control: see 5 years
Ø Fine Motor Control: Draws a person
(6+ body parts), copies shapes

21
Q

Language development at 6 years old

A

Knows thousands of
words, 6-7 word sentences, may
read 1 syllable words

22
Q

Normal personal-social development at 6 years old

A
  • Acceleration of the separationindividuation theme initiated even in infancy
  • Go from being able to deal with one variable cognitively to dealing with more than one
  • Magical thinking diminishes
  • Reality of cause-effect relationships better understood
23
Q

Normal growth and motor control at 7-8 Years Old

A

Ø Physical Growth: see chart, healthy eating
Ø Gross Motor Control: Active for at least an hour/day
Ø Fine Motor Control: May draw a person with 16 details, ties shoes

24
Q

Language by this age may show adult proficiency

A

7-8

25
Q

Personal-social development at 7-8 years old

A

Personal-Social
* Participates in school &
after school activities
* Children with learning
disabilities begin to struggle
* Has friends
* Does chores when asked
* Get along well with family

26
Q

11-14 Years Old growth and motor control

A

Ø Physical Growth: see chart, healthy
eating
Ø Onset of puberty & secondary
sexual characteristics
Ø Gross Motor Control: Active for at
least an hour/day
Ø Fine Motor Control: Continued
refinement

27
Q

15-17 Years Old normal development

A

Ø Physical Growth: see chart, healthy
eating
* Further development of
secondary sexual characteristics
Ø Gross Motor Control: Active for at
least an hour/day
Ø Fine Motor Control: Continued
refinement
Ø Language: Articulate
* May begin driving
* seat belt & cell phone
precautions

28
Q

Children in early intervention programs are
more likely to:

A

A. Live independently
B. Graduate from high school
C. Productively contribute to society
D. Save society $30,000-$100,000 per child
E. All of the above
F. None of the above

28
Q

Motor delays tend to manifest in the ____ year of life

A

1st

29
Q

Language delays tend to manifest in the ____

A

toddler & preschool years of life

29
Q

Learning disabilities manifest during the ____

A

school years

29
Q

Motor delays may signify:

A
  • Neuromuscular
  • Genetic/metabolic
  • Infectious
  • Other abnormalities
30
Q

Language delay must involve a thorough_____

A

hearing assessment

31
Q

Developmental surveillance

A

A flexible, longitudinal, continuous, & cumulative process
whereby knowledgeable health care professionals identify
children who may have developmental problems

32
Q

Developmental screening

A

Ø “The administration of a brief standardized tool aiding the
identification of children at risk of a developmental disorder”
Ø Not diagnostic!

33
Q

Developmental Evaluation

A

Ø “Aimed at identifying the specific developmental disorder
or disorders affecting the child ”

34
Q

Early intervention services are a
range of targeted services to
help young children who have:

A
  • Developmental delays
  • Kids can outgrow or
    catch up
  • Developmental disabilities
  • Kids don’t outgrow or
    catch up
35
Q

Early Intervention Specialist:

A

Ø Sub-specialty in Special Education
Ø Works with children from birth to
kindergarten
Ø Homes and/or preschool setting
Ø Provides “interventions” at the early
signs of developmental difficulty
Ø Evaluate, create tx plans, establish
goals, monitor progress, coordinate
care of of many specialists
* PT, OT, Speech Language Pathology, Psychology, Nursing, Nutrition, Social work, Audiology

36
Q

Accuracy of clinical judgment in detecting developmental disabilities:

A

Detects < 30% of developmental disabilities!

37
Q

Ages & Stages Questionnaire

A

Ø Relies on information from parents
Ø Screens for developmental problems
Ø Takes 10-15 minutes for parent to complete
Ø Can be used in patients 4 months to 5 years
Ø Separate 3-4 page form for each well-child visit (age-specific)
Ø Available in English, Spanish, Korean & French
Ø Standardized scoring procedures
Ø Can be photocopied

38
Q

How often should developmental surveillance be done?

A

Every well-child visit

39
Q

How often and when should developmental screening be done?

A
  • 9, 18, & 30 months or
  • When concern is expressed
40
Q

When should autism screening be done?

A

18 & 24-30 months

Pediatrics exam 2 (6 decks)

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