Vaccines and general Flashcards
What 3 vaccines are given to adults, what age?
> 65
Flu (anually)
PCV (Pneumococcal vaccine)
Shingles
When are vaccines given <1y?
8 weeks (2 months)
12 weeks (3 months)
16 weeks (4 months)
12 months
what vaccines are given at 8 weeks (2 months) ?
6 in 1 (first dose)
Oral rotavirus
Men B
what vaccines are given at 12 weeks (3 months) ?
6 in 1 (second dose)
Oral rotavirus (2nd dose)
PCV (Pneumococcal vaccine)
what vaccines are given at 16 weeks (4 months) ?
6 in 1 (3rd dose)
Men B (2nd dose)
what vaccines are given at 12 months ?
HiB/Men C
(haemophilus influenza type B / meningitis C)
MMR
PCV (2nd dose)
Men B (3rd dose)
What is offered between ages 2-8/15?
annual influenza
What vaccines are given at 3y 4 months?
4 in 1
MMR
what vaccine is given at 12-13y?
HPV
What vaccines are given between 13-18y?
3 in 1
Men ACWY (up to age 25)
What does the 6 in 1 vaccine contain?
Diptheria
Hep B
HiB
Polio
Tetanus
Whooping Cough
What does the 4 in 1 vaccine contain (pre school booster)?
Diptheria
Polio
Tetanus
Whooping cough
What does the 3 in 1 vaccine contain (teenage booster)?
Diptheria
Polio
Tetanus
Which vaccines are live attenuated and live?
MMR = live attenuated
Rotavirus = live
what type of vaccine is HPV?
Non infectious recomb
When is Guthrie heel prick done?
day 5-9 after birth
What 4 diseases does it test for?
Cystic fibrosis
Congenital hypothyroid
Sickle cell anemia
Metabolic (eg. phenylketonuria, MCADD, maple syrup urine disease, IVA, GA1, HCU)
What do they look for in the heel prick to test for CF?
Fraction of babies with CF?
serum immunoreactive trypsin
1/2500
What do they look for in the heel prick to test for Congenital hypothyroid?
Fraction of babies with Congenital hypothyroid?
TSH
1/2000-1/3000
What do they look for in the heel prick to test for Sickle cell anemia?
Fraction of babies with SCA?
BLOOD FILM
270 babies/yr
What do they look for in the heel prick to test for phenylketonuria?
Fraction of babies with phenylketonuria?
PKU urine test
1/10,000
If someone is choking, what is an effective and active way to help them?
encourage coughing
If coughing hasn’t helped with the choking, what can be done next?
how is it done on <1y and >1y?
5x back blows (hit back)
then
5x:
<1 chest thrusts
>1y abdo thrusts
if someone is unresponsive, what is done first?
HELP called first
If a neonate is unresponsive, what are the 4 steps?
- warm + dry baby
- neutral airway
- 5 rescue breaths (+ palpable brachial/femoral pulse)
- 3:1 compression: breath (lower 1/3 sternum, 2 thumb encircling technique)
If a child is unresponsive, what are the 3 steps?
- head tilt, chin lift (jaw thrust)
- 5 rescue breaths (+ pulses)
- 15:2 compr:breaths 9lower 1/2 sternum)
<5y = fingers
>5y = like adult
What type of fluid is given to a child?
0.9% saline + 5% dextrose + 20mmol/L KCL in a 1l bag
How much fluid is given for maintenance of a <10kg child per day and per hour?
100ml/kg/day
4ml/kg/hr
How much fluid is given for maintenance of a 10kg-20kg child per day and per hour?
1000ml + 50ml/kg/day
40ml + 2ml/hr/kg
(over 10kg)
How much fluid is given for maintenance of a >20kg child per day and per hour?
1500ml + 20ml/kg/day
60ml + 1ml/hr/day
M + F rarely need over how many L fluid for maintenance?
M 2.5L+
F 2L+
How much fluid is Given in shock, maximum amount and what happens then?
10ml/kg boluses, repeatable up to 40ml/kg total, then ITU called
Don’t subtract from maintenance
What is the equation to work out how much fluid to give for dehydration?
Well weight x % dehydration x 10
Added to maintenance
How do you work out % dehydration?
(well-current/well) x 100
what do the % mean for % dehydration?
5% = mild
7% = mod
10% = mottled blue
What fluids are given to neonates instead?
10% dextrose instead of 5
daily fluids
How much fluid are neonates given days 1-4?
Day 1 = 60ml/kg/day
Day 2 = 90ml/kg/day
Day 3 = 120ml/kg/day
Day 4 = 150ml/kg/day (max)
titrated down from here
What motor milestones are achieved at:
6wks
6 months
9 months
12 months
15 months
18 months
6 wks = head prone
6m = sit unsupported
9m = crawl
12m = unsteady walk
15m = steady walk
18m = run
What vision + fine motor milestones are achieved at:
6wks
6 months
9 months
12 months
6wks = fix and follow
6m = palmar grasp
9m = object permanence
12m = mature pincer
What hearing, speech and language milestones are achieved at:
6wks
6 months
9 months
12 months
6wks = startle to loud sound
6m = coo alone
9m = MAMA-DADA discriminately
12m = 2-3 non M-D words
What social, environmental and behavioural milestones are achieved at:
6wks
6 months
9 months
12 months
6wks = social smile
6m = shakes rattle
9m = stranger fear
12m = waves bye
When is hand preference chosen by a child?
what is a Ddx if a child hasn’t done that in the time?
<12m
cerebral palsy - refer paeds assessment
In a premature baby <2y, what do you need to correct?
correct age to gestational age
In the healthy child program, how many post natal reviews does a baby have, until what age?
what can these reviews be?
5 postnatal reviews (until 5y)
NIPE (72hrs post birth)
6-8 wk check
Immunisations
school nurses
What is the Resp Rate (RR) ranges for:
<1wk
1wk - 3 months
3m - 2yr
2-10yr
10-12yr
<1wk = 40-60
1wk - 3 months = 30-50
3m - 2yr = 30-40
2-10yr = 14-24
10-12yr = 12-20 (+ onwards)
What are the Heart rate (HR) ranges for?
<1y
1-2y
2-5y
5-12y
<1y = 110-160
1-2y = 95-140
2-5y = 80-120
5-12y = 60-100 (+ onwards)
