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Phase 3a Paeds > Oncology > Flashcards

Oncology Flashcards

1
Q

what is the MC paeds cancer?

A

ALL (85%)

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2
Q

What is the MC paeds haem leukaemia after ALL and %?

A

AML (13%)

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3
Q

What is ALL associated with?

A

associated with t (12:21) in downs, radiation and noonans
75% <6y/o

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4
Q

what translocation makes a more severe ALL?

A

t (9:22)

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5
Q

Sx of ALL?

A

Poor growth
fatigue
pallor
recurrent infection
very easy bruising
wt loss
night sweats
bone pain

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6
Q

what organ filtration is there in ALL?

A

Testicular
bone pain
CNS (Headache, vomiting, nerve palsies)

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7
Q

Dx of ALL?

A

FBC = pancytopenia
GS = BM biopsy (20+% lymphoblasts)

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8
Q

Tx of ALL?

A

Chemo 2-3y
(IV Vincristine, dexamethasone)

69% 5y survival

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9
Q

Lymphoma affects which cells?
what are the 2 types of cancers?

A

plasma cell
hodgekins and non hodgekins lymphoma

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10
Q

hodgekins lymphoma
associated with?
ages affected?
mc type?
Sx?
staging?
Dx?
Tx?

A

EBV associated
15-24y/o
MC = Nodular type
Painless rubbery LNadenopathy + WORSE with alcohol
Ann arbour staging 1-4
BM biopsy = reed Sternberg
ABVD Chemo

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11
Q

non hodgekins lymphoma
associated with?
ages affected?
Sx?
staging?
Dx?
Tx?
Survival 5y?

A

children

Burkitts (very high EBV association) + large B cell

Painless rubbery LNadenopathy + BETTER with alcohol

LN biopsy

R-CHOP

74% 5y survival

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12
Q

what is the 2nd MC paeds cancer?

A

brain

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13
Q

where does brain cancer affect in adults vs kids?

A

Adult = supratentorial (cerebrum)

kids = tentorial (cerebellum)

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14
Q

1^ brain cancer
MC or LC?
Types?

A

LC
90% astrocytoma
(1-4; glioblastoma = death <1y)
then craniopharyngioma
medulloblastoma

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15
Q

2^ brain cancer
MC or LC?
Spread from?

A

MC

NSCLC, SCLC, breast, RCC, melanoma

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16
Q

Sx of brain cancer?

A

Red flag headache (constant headache, worse in morning)
Hydrocephalus
High ICP
Vomiting (morning)
Behaviour/personality change
CN6 palsy = visual changes

17
Q

Dx of brain cancer?

A

1st = MRI brain then biopsy +/- PET

fundoscopy = papilloedema

18
Q

Tx of brain cancer?

A

Surgical resection if 1^
venticuloperitoneal shunt (reduces risk of coning + hydrocephalus)
chemo / radiotherapy

19
Q

what is a neuroblastoma?
AGE AND PROGNOSIS?

A

Cancer of neural crest tissue in adrenal medulla (MC) + SYMPATHETIC CHAIN

<5 + very good prognosis

20
Q

what conditions affect the chance of getting a neuroblastoma?

A

ALK (Anaplastic lymphoma kinase), Noonan,
Beckwith weildman - unilateral body hypertrophy, neuro/nephro/hepato blastoma

21
Q

Sx of neuroblastoma?

A

Abdo mass crossing midline +/- mets signs (jaundice, GI Sx)
Dark eye circles
Wt loss
LN adenopathy
Blueberry muffin rash

22
Q

Dx of neuroblastoma?

A

High urine catecholamines
GS = Adreno-LN biopsy = homer wright pseudo rosettes

23
Q

Tx of neuroblastoma?

A

local surgery / mets chemo

24
Q

What is a nephroblastoma?
AGE AFFECTED?
RF?

A

Wilms tumour
renal cancer in <5y
RF = BW + WT 1/2 deletions

25
Q

Sx of nephroblastoma?

A

Flank mass not crossing midline
haematuria
abdo pain / htn
fever

26
Q

Dx and Tx of nephroblastoma?

A

Abdo USS then CT/MRI (No biopsy = seeding)

Radical nephrectomy

27
Q

what are 3 types of bone cancer?

A

Osteosarcoma
Ewing
chondrosarcoma

28
Q

Osteosarcoma
MC or LC?
Ages affected?
Sx?
Dx?

A

MC
10-20 y/o
Persistent femur pain, worse at night
Dx = xray = sunburst lesions

29
Q

Ewing
MC or LC?
Ages affected?
Sx?
Dx?

A

MC in younger kids
5-10y/o
Persistent femur pain, worse at night
Dx = xray = onion skin lesions

30
Q

what is chondrosarcoma?

A

mesenchymal cartilage tumour

31
Q

Dx and Tx of bone cancers?

A

Dx = Xray followed by MRI

Tx = surgical removal +/- chemo/radiotherapy

32
Q

Complications of bone cancer?

A

Rhabdomyolysis - MC paeds soft tissue Ca

33
Q

What is a retinoblastoma?
MC what?
Average Dx?

A

Autosomal dominant - RB gene AD C13 mutation
Malignant tumour of retinal cells - visual impairment
MC paeds ocular malignancy
Average Dx = 18m

34
Q

Sx, Dx and Tx of a retinoblastoma?

A

Absent red reflex, nystagmus

NIPE, MRI

Laser, enucleation

35
Q

What is hepatoblastoma?
Dx?
what is a RF?
Tx?

A

Rare hepatic cancer
Dx = high AFP
BW + FAP syndrome
surgery, chemo

36
Q

what are some germ cell cancers?
Tx?

A

Semanioma = High BhCG

Teratoma = High AFP
Sertoli or leydig, granulose - thecal

Tx = GnRH analogues + chemo/surgery

Phase 3a Paeds (14 decks)

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