Vaccines Flashcards
HIV vaccine?
No suitable vaccine is currently available
Hepatitis B vaccine?
Recombinant subunit vaccine
Tetanus vaccine?
Inactivated toxin (toxoid) vaccine
Tuberculosis vaccine?
Live attenuated bacteria (mycobacterium bovis)
MMR vaccine?
Live attenuated viruses
Passive immunity involves?
Administration of pre-formed antibody in preparations called immune globulins. Used for treatment or prevention.
Advantages of passive immunity?
Immediately active
Effective for post‐exposure prophylaxis
No need for fully functional immune system (e.g. use in immunocompromised hosts, young, elderly)
Disadvantages of passive immunity?
No memory, short lived
Bacterial passive vaccines
Tetanus antitoxin
Diphtheria antitoxin
Bezlotoxumab monoclonal antibody given against endotoxin B of Clostridium Difficile
Virus passive vaccines
Rabies
Hepatitis B
Active immunization involves?
Administration of antigenic material ( = the vaccine) with the goal of stimulating the vaccinee’s immune system to mount an adaptive immune response to a specific pathogen.
How are vaccines given?
Injected
Some live vaccines given orally
What type of vaccines can be given orally?
Live attenuated
Oral vaccines?
Polio, rotavirus
Influenza vaccines?
Live attenuated, killed whole organism, subunit