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Vaccines Flashcards

(60 cards)

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1
Q

What type of antibody do you want in the serum after immunization?

A

IgG

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2
Q

What vaccine prevents infection

A

HPV

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3
Q

What type of immune response is for extracellular bacteria

A

Antibody most effective

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4
Q

What type of immune response is for intracellular bacteria?

A

CD 8 T cells along with antibodies

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5
Q

What is the immune response in ALMOST all classical vaccines?

A

Antibody (except tuberculosis is T-cells)

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6
Q

What are adjuvants for?

A

To enhance the immunity induced by vaccines.

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7
Q

How do adjuvants help?

A
  1. Enhance translocation of antigen to lymphoid tissues
  2. Provide physical protection to antigen allowing more prolonged exposure
  3. Provoke local innate immune reactions such as TLR
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8
Q

What are common Adjuvants?

A

Alum (activate DC), TLR agonist (MPL CpG), mineral oil, squalene

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9
Q

What is the most unsafe vaccine?

A

Live attenuated

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10
Q

What is the most safe vaccine

A

DNA vaccine

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11
Q

What is the most immunogenic vaccine?

A

Live attenuated

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12
Q

What is the least immunogenic vaccine?

A

DNA vaccine

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13
Q

What is a live attenuated vaccine?

A

Live pathogen that replicate in host but does not cause disease because pathogen has been mutated to a non-pathogenic form

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14
Q

Smallpox (Vaccinina) is what type of vaccine?

A

Live Attenuated

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15
Q

Yellow Fever is what type of vaccine?

A

Live Attenuated

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16
Q

Polio (Sabin) is what type of vaccine?

A

Live Attenuated

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17
Q

Rotavirus is what type of vaccine?

A

Live Attenuated

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18
Q

Adenovirus is what type of vaccine?

A

Live Attenuated

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19
Q

Measles is what type of vaccine?

A

Live Attenuated

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20
Q

Mumps is what type of vaccine?

A

Live Attenuated

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21
Q

Rubella is what type of vaccine?

A

Live Attenuated

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22
Q

Varicella is what type of vaccine?

A

Live Attenuated

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23
Q

TB (BCG) is what type of vaccine?

A

Live Attenuated

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24
Q

LIAV (FluMist) is what type of vaccine?

A

Live Attenuated, LIAV is Live Attenuated Influenza Virus

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25
What are the advantages of live attenuated vaccines?
Highly imuunogenic, broad response (both innate and adaptive), all anitgens are expressed, single dose and inexpensive
26
What are disadvantages of live attenuated vaccines ?
Can revert back to pathogenic form, potential for contamination and can be dangerous to immunodeficient or pregnant people
27
What is an inactivated whole pathogen vaccine?
Preparations of normal, infectious pathogen that have been inactivated by a chemical agent
28
Polio (salk) is what type of vaccine?
Inactivated vaccine
29
Rabies is what type of vaccine?
Inactivated vaccine
30
Hep A is what type of vaccine?
Inactivated vaccine
31
Influenza (injection) is what type of vaccine?
Inactivated vaccine
32
Japanese Encephalitis is what type of vaccine?
Inactivated vaccine
33
Typhoid is what type of vaccine?
Attenuated and subunit
34
What are advantages of Inactivated vaccine?
No reversion, Multiple antigens present
35
What are disadvantages of inactivated vaccines
Risk of incomplete inactivation which may alter immunogenicity because your body makes the wrong antigen to the LIVE form of the virus, expensive, requires boosting
36
What is a subunit vaccine?
Consists of purified components derived from pathogen such as toxins, polysacc, viral surface antigens (Hep B)
37
What is an advantage of subunit vaccines?
Can induce specific immune responses against molecules involved in pathogenesis
38
What are disadvantages of subunit vaccines?
Poorly immungenic without adjuvants and polysacc antigens elicit T-independent responses.
39
Tetanus is what type of vaccine?
Subunit
40
Diptheria is what type of vaccine?
Subunit
41
Pertussis is what type of vaccine?
Subunit
42
Pneumonococcus is what type of vaccine?
Subunit
43
Meningococcus is what type of vaccine?
Subunit
44
Hep B is what type of vaccine?
Subunit
45
What is a conjugate vaccine?
Consists of purified components of pathogen linked to highly immunogenic carrier
46
What makes polysaccharide vaccines different?
Elicit a T cell independent response and sees high IgM and low IgG with weak memory response and not effective in children
47
HIB Is an example of which vaccine?
Conjugate vaccine
48
PVC13 Is an example of which vaccine?
Conjugate vaccine
49
MENACWY Is an example of which vaccine?
Conjugate vaccine
50
What makes a conjugate vaccine good?
T-dependent antibody response so high IgG and memory response and effective in children (opposite of subunit vaccine)
51
What is a virus-like particle vaccine?
Consists of a viral structural proteins that when over-expressed spontaneously self-assemble into particles that are indistinguishable from infectious virus and are non infectious because no viral nucleic acid
52
HPV (Gardasil-9, Cervarix) is an example of which vaccine?
Virus-like particle Vaccine
53
What are advantages Virus like particle vaccines?
Safe, not relied on ability to grow pathogen, high immunogenic due to repetitive structure and inside can be modifeied with adjuvants
54
What are disadvantages of Virus like particle vaccines?
May require multiple doses, induce limited immune response to surface antigen and expensive
55
What is a DNA vaccine?
Injection of DNA coding for target molecule by viral vector or naked DNA. Once DNA enters cell the target antigen is expressed at high levels. The antigen is delievered to APCS and can elicit T cell responses or secreted antigens can elicit antibodies
56
What are advantages of DNA vaccines?
Inexpensive, highly stable, quick to develop
57
What are disadvantages to DNA vaccines?
Unclear effectiveness, unclear safety and likely require multiple doses.
58
Why do we have to get a flu shot every year
Influenza is an antigenic variation RNA virus so it makes different strains every year
59
What are some common reactions to vaccines
Fever, rash, headache, arthralgia (pain in the joint) fatigue, and local swelling, pain erythema (reddening) allergic reaction
60
What is a hapten carrier vaccine?
Hapten is the polysacc (poorly immunogenic) and carrier is a protein (makes more immunogenic)

Immunology (6 decks)

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