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Immunology > Vaccines > Flashcards

Vaccines Flashcards

1
Q

What type of antibody do you want in the serum after immunization?

A

IgG

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2
Q

What vaccine prevents infection

A

HPV

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3
Q

What type of immune response is for extracellular bacteria

A

Antibody most effective

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4
Q

What type of immune response is for intracellular bacteria?

A

CD 8 T cells along with antibodies

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5
Q

What is the immune response in ALMOST all classical vaccines?

A

Antibody (except tuberculosis is T-cells)

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6
Q

What are adjuvants for?

A

To enhance the immunity induced by vaccines.

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7
Q

How do adjuvants help?

A
  1. Enhance translocation of antigen to lymphoid tissues
  2. Provide physical protection to antigen allowing more prolonged exposure
  3. Provoke local innate immune reactions such as TLR
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8
Q

What are common Adjuvants?

A

Alum (activate DC), TLR agonist (MPL CpG), mineral oil, squalene

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9
Q

What is the most unsafe vaccine?

A

Live attenuated

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10
Q

What is the most safe vaccine

A

DNA vaccine

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11
Q

What is the most immunogenic vaccine?

A

Live attenuated

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12
Q

What is the least immunogenic vaccine?

A

DNA vaccine

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13
Q

What is a live attenuated vaccine?

A

Live pathogen that replicate in host but does not cause disease because pathogen has been mutated to a non-pathogenic form

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14
Q

Smallpox (Vaccinina) is what type of vaccine?

A

Live Attenuated

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15
Q

Yellow Fever is what type of vaccine?

A

Live Attenuated

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16
Q

Polio (Sabin) is what type of vaccine?

A

Live Attenuated

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17
Q

Rotavirus is what type of vaccine?

A

Live Attenuated

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18
Q

Adenovirus is what type of vaccine?

A

Live Attenuated

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19
Q

Measles is what type of vaccine?

A

Live Attenuated

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20
Q

Mumps is what type of vaccine?

A

Live Attenuated

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21
Q

Rubella is what type of vaccine?

A

Live Attenuated

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22
Q

Varicella is what type of vaccine?

A

Live Attenuated

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23
Q

TB (BCG) is what type of vaccine?

A

Live Attenuated

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24
Q

LIAV (FluMist) is what type of vaccine?

A

Live Attenuated, LIAV is Live Attenuated Influenza Virus

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25
Q

What are the advantages of live attenuated vaccines?

A

Highly imuunogenic, broad response (both innate and adaptive), all anitgens are expressed, single dose and inexpensive

26
Q

What are disadvantages of live attenuated vaccines ?

A

Can revert back to pathogenic form, potential for contamination and can be dangerous to immunodeficient or pregnant people

27
Q

What is an inactivated whole pathogen vaccine?

A

Preparations of normal, infectious pathogen that have been inactivated by a chemical agent

28
Q

Polio (salk) is what type of vaccine?

A

Inactivated vaccine

29
Q

Rabies is what type of vaccine?

A

Inactivated vaccine

30
Q

Hep A is what type of vaccine?

A

Inactivated vaccine

31
Q

Influenza (injection) is what type of vaccine?

A

Inactivated vaccine

32
Q

Japanese Encephalitis is what type of vaccine?

A

Inactivated vaccine

33
Q

Typhoid is what type of vaccine?

A

Attenuated and subunit

34
Q

What are advantages of Inactivated vaccine?

A

No reversion, Multiple antigens present

35
Q

What are disadvantages of inactivated vaccines

A

Risk of incomplete inactivation which may alter immunogenicity because your body makes the wrong antigen to the LIVE form of the virus, expensive, requires boosting

36
Q

What is a subunit vaccine?

A

Consists of purified components derived from pathogen such as toxins, polysacc, viral surface antigens (Hep B)

37
Q

What is an advantage of subunit vaccines?

A

Can induce specific immune responses against molecules involved in pathogenesis

38
Q

What are disadvantages of subunit vaccines?

A

Poorly immungenic without adjuvants and polysacc antigens elicit T-independent responses.

39
Q

Tetanus is what type of vaccine?

40
Q

Diptheria is what type of vaccine?

41
Q

Pertussis is what type of vaccine?

42
Q

Pneumonococcus is what type of vaccine?

43
Q

Meningococcus is what type of vaccine?

44
Q

Hep B is what type of vaccine?

45
Q

What is a conjugate vaccine?

A

Consists of purified components of pathogen linked to highly immunogenic carrier

46
Q

What makes polysaccharide vaccines different?

A

Elicit a T cell independent response and sees high IgM and low IgG with weak memory response and not effective in children

47
Q

HIB Is an example of which vaccine?

A

Conjugate vaccine

48
Q

PVC13 Is an example of which vaccine?

A

Conjugate vaccine

49
Q

MENACWY Is an example of which vaccine?

A

Conjugate vaccine

50
Q

What makes a conjugate vaccine good?

A

T-dependent antibody response so high IgG and memory response and effective in children (opposite of subunit vaccine)

51
Q

What is a virus-like particle vaccine?

A

Consists of a viral structural proteins that when over-expressed spontaneously self-assemble into particles that are indistinguishable from infectious virus and are non infectious because no viral nucleic acid

52
Q

HPV (Gardasil-9, Cervarix) is an example of which vaccine?

A

Virus-like particle Vaccine

53
Q

What are advantages Virus like particle vaccines?

A

Safe, not relied on ability to grow pathogen, high immunogenic due to repetitive structure and inside can be modifeied with adjuvants

54
Q

What are disadvantages of Virus like particle vaccines?

A

May require multiple doses, induce limited immune response to surface antigen and expensive

55
Q

What is a DNA vaccine?

A

Injection of DNA coding for target molecule by viral vector or naked DNA. Once DNA enters cell the target antigen is expressed at high levels. The antigen is delievered to APCS and can elicit T cell responses or secreted antigens can elicit antibodies

56
Q

What are advantages of DNA vaccines?

A

Inexpensive, highly stable, quick to develop

57
Q

What are disadvantages to DNA vaccines?

A

Unclear effectiveness, unclear safety and likely require multiple doses.

58
Q

Why do we have to get a flu shot every year

A

Influenza is an antigenic variation RNA virus so it makes different strains every year

59
Q

What are some common reactions to vaccines

A

Fever, rash, headache, arthralgia (pain in the joint) fatigue, and local swelling, pain erythema (reddening) allergic reaction

60
Q

What is a hapten carrier vaccine?

A

Hapten is the polysacc (poorly immunogenic) and carrier is a protein (makes more immunogenic)

Immunology (6 decks)

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