Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

immuno final > vaccines > Flashcards

vaccines Flashcards

1
Q

live-attenuated vaccines

A

living microbe that is weakened

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

inactivated vaccine

A

microbe killed by chemicals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

subunit vaccine

A

only antigens that best stimulate immune system are included; may be extracted from whole organism or produced from recombinant DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

conjugate vaccine

A

link polysaccharide antigens to proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

toxoid vaccines

A

formalin-inactivated toxins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

vaccines with the highest immunogenicity

A

live-attenduated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

vaccines with the lowest immunogenicity

A

polysaccharide subunit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

why do polysaccharide vaccines not induce long lasting immunity?

A

because T cells only recognize peptide antigens in MHC complexes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is needed for the prevention of infection via vaccination?

A

formation of vaccine-induced antibodies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is needed for disease attenuation and protection against complications from vaccines?

A

T cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

first antibody to appear after vaccination

A

IgG

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

immune response to live-virus vaccines

A

mimics natural infection= T-dep B cell response and CD8 response confer long lasting immunity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

risks of live virus vaccines

A
  • can cause disseminated infection if immunocompromised

- risk of mutation into more virulent strain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

problems with polysaccharide subunit vaccines (4)

A
  • no booster effect
  • does not prevent colonization
  • not effective in children under 2
  • do not produce long lasting immunity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

why has there been a recent resurgence in pertussis cases?

A

bc of switch from whole cell to acellular vaccine in 1990s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is a vaccine adjuvant?

A

substance that is added to a vaccine to increase immune response/gives 2nd signal

17
Q

what is the m/c vaccine adjuvant used in US?

A

aluminum salts

18
Q

best admin route for live-attenuated vaccines

A

SC

19
Q

best route for highest volume

A

IM

20
Q

routes that will induce mucosal immunity

A

oral, intranasal

21
Q

age considerations with vaccination

A

want to wait until maternal antibodies no longer present, but also want to vaccine as soon as possible to prevent infection

22
Q

what accounts for the difference in age that the MMR is given in the US vs. africa?

A

in US given at 12 mo, in africa given at 9 mo- this is bc measles is more prevalent in africa

23
Q

spacing between 1* doses

A

3 weeks

24
Q

spacing between 1* and booster

A

4 mo

25
Q

“maximum interval”

A

does not exist, just start where left off

26
Q

coadministration of live vaccines

A

together or 1 mo apart, sooner than 1 mo will decrease the effectiveness of the 2nd vaccine

27
Q

what is herd immunity?

A

reduction in disease prevalence in UNimmunized people due to large proportion of immunized people in the population

28
Q

Ro

A

basic reproduction number= # of secondary cases generated by 1 infectious individual in a fully susceptible population

29
Q

what is the “threshold” for herd immunity?

A

Ro -1 / Ro

need above this threshold to stop transmission of infection

30
Q

countries with higher ___ will have more outbreaks

A

higher Ro

31
Q

what does herd immunity not apply to?

A

toxins like tetanus and diphtheria

32
Q

when is it harder to make a vaccine?

A
  • when antibody is not protective (HIV, HCV, CMV, HSV)
  • pathogens mutate/change rapidly
  • pathogen has multiple serotypes
33
Q

challenge in vaccinating for dengue fever

A

has 4 serotypes, prior infection with different serotype (than one being vaccinated against) increases risk for serious complication- hard to know if previous infection bc can be asymptomatic

34
Q

why does MMR only require 1 primary dose?

A

persists longer, replicates in the body and is more immunogenic

immuno final (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions