immuno testing Flashcards
difference between polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies
polyclonal- recognize multiple epitopes, contains various antibodies of different affinities
monoclonal- detect only 1 epitope
steps in the production of monoclonal antibody (5)
- isolate spleen cells from mouse that was previously immunized against antigen
- fuse spleen cells with cell line to make hybridomas
- isolate clones
- screen supernatants for desired antibody
- expand positive clones
4 elements in the back bone for all ABO antigens
2 galactose
fructose
N-acetyl-galactosamine
extra sugar for type A
N-acetyl- galactosamine
extra sugar for type B
galactose
Anti-ABO antibody type, implications
IgM, means they will not cross placenta
acute intravascular hemolytic transfusion run is mediated by:
complement (classical pathway)
Rh antibodies type and implications
IgG, can cross placenta
testing for Rh antibodies
coombs test
direct coombs test uses ___from patient
RBCs
indirect coombs test uses ___ from patient
plasma
what is the “anti-human globulin” used in coombs testing?
mixture of anti-IgG and anti-complement, used to determine if there is IgG or complement present on RBC surface in direct test or in plasma in indirect test
direct ELISA tests for presence of-
antigen
indirect ELISA tests for presence of-
antibody
how can recent infections be confirmed using ELISA?
look at labs from acute and convalescing phases of illness, 4x or greater difference in IgG = acute infection