Vaccines

Question 1

Attenuated Vaccines positives

Answer 1

generates long lasting immunity

get cell mediated immunity which you don’t in other vaccines

Question 2

Attenuated vaccines risks

Answer 2

reversion of attenuated strain to full virulence
can get contamination
can be fatal for immunocompromised
risky to give a pregnant woman

Question 3

Inactivated vaccines positives

Answer 3

less concern for safety compared to live vaccines

can transport and store easier

Question 4

Inactivated vaccines negatives

Answer 4

don’t have as much protection as live vaccines

Question 5

Subunit vaccines

Answer 5

have a single viral protein

Question 6

Risks with inactivated bacterial vaccines

Answer 6

side effects can be convulsions and death with DTP vaccines

acellular pertussis has fewer side effects

Question 7

Toxoid vaccines

Answer 7

bacterial toxins are detoxed, but still give immungenicity

Question 8

DTaP vaccine

Answer 8

toxoid vaccine

series of intramuscular immunizations required for protective immunity

Question 9

Conjugate bacterial vaccines

Answer 9

add polysacchardies to protein carrier

this results in a high affinity IgG + memory response

Question 10

Hepatitis B vaccine

Answer 10

• component vaccines
• adults have a greater risk for infectious, but it makes more sense to just vaccinate kids
• recombinant protein grown in yeast
• 3 intramuscular injections

Question 11

What must be given to infants born to HBsAg+ moms? When does this have to happen by?

Answer 11

• vaccine and hepatitis B immune globulin

- within 12 hours of birth

Question 12

Will tetanus vaccine eradicate bacteria?

Answer 12

no!

it will neutralize the toxins that cause disease though

Question 13

Hemophilus influenzae type B vaccine

Answer 13

prevents meningitis in young kids
is a conjugate vaccine
provide protective serum antibody to stop bacteremic phase necessary to attack CNS

Question 14

meningococcal vaccine

Answer 14

protects against 4 groups of neisseria meningitidis (unfortunately not the group that casues 50% of meningitis)

Question 15

What are the 2 types of polio vaccine

Answer 15

inactivated poliovrius vaccine (IPV)

live, attenuated oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) –> not used anymore

Question 16

IPV

Answer 16

generates serum antibodies to neutralize virus in bloodstream before it reaches CNS.

Question 17

OPV

Answer 17

develops local mucosal immunity in GI tract to prevent spread of virus into bloodstream

Question 18

Mumps

Answer 18

characteristic is salivary gland swelling

Question 19

Measles

Answer 19

a medical emergency

characteristic is red, blotchy patten on race and body during the 3rd day of rash

Question 20

Congenital Rubella Syndrome

Answer 20

usually a mild rash but can cause a lot of birth defects if mom gets it while pregnant

Question 21

Varicella Vaccine

Answer 21

live, attenuated vaccine
provides protection against chickenpox
most of the time makes kid protected from the severe disease, less protected to the milder forms of it

Question 22

Rotavirus

Answer 22

most common diarrheal pathogen in children worldwide

Question 23

Tetravalent rhesus-human reassortant rotavirus vaccine (RRV-TV)

Answer 23

attenuated rhesus virus expressing human virus VP7 antigen

Question 24

Pneumococcal vaccine

Answer 24

conjugated vaccine

helps prevent pneumona, meningitis, otitis media

Question 25

Flu mist

Answer 25

live attenuated vaccine

recommended for healthy, nonpregnant people 5-49

Question 26

Flu shot

Answer 26

inactivated vaccine

approved for everyone over 6 months of age

Question 27

HPV vacinne

Answer 27

prevents HPV type 16,18 which prevents cervical cancer
vaccine is L1 protein expressing virus-like particles
targeted to males and females before they become sexual active