Vaccines Flashcards
Contains weakened version of pathogen
Pros: induces both a cellular and a humoral immune response
Cons: has a reversion to virulence factors, not highly protective.
Live Attenuated
Contains inactivated or non-living portion of a pathogen
Pros: good safety profile, less expensive
Cons: no effective long term protection
New vaccines are required with new outbreaks
Inactivated
Contains inactivated native toxins combined with adjuvants
Pros: diseases caused by bacterial toxins
Cons: amount of toxin produced in vitro is unpredictable
High level of biosafety needed
Toxoid
Contain part of the target pathogen (essential antigens)
Pros: no risk for pathogenicity
Well defined composition
Cheaper
Primarily humoral immune response
Cons: needs to have an adjuvant added always.
Subunit
Connects polysaccharides (weaker antigens) to carrier proteins (stronger antigen)
Pros: increased immune response
Both humoral and cell-mediated immune responses
Does not always require an adjuvant
Conjugate
Not a type of injection.
Naso-oral route
Intranasal
Most common type of injection. Typically administered in arms, thighs or hips
Intramuscular
Has the most side effects. Cannot be used in cats for risk of neoplasia or severe abscess formation. Not as deep as intramuscular.
Subcutaneous/ Transdermal
Rabies vaccine is commonly administered this way if you’ve been exposed. Deep/visceral injection
Intraperitoneal
Highest affinity for antigens
Crossed the placenta
IgG
First to respond
Largest
No affinity for antigens
Participates alongside IgG in the Amnestic Response
IgM
Found in mucous, saliva, tears and colostrum
IgA
Most important fxn is to stimulate the release of IgM
IgD
Involved in allergies and antiparasitic immune responses.
Eosinophils are triggered
IgE
