RNA Viruses Flashcards
Name the Family:
linear ss+ RNA
Iscosahedral
Envelope
Psuedolipid genome - 2 identical linear ss+ strands (not connected)
Requires reverse transcriptase
Provirus
Onco-virus –> corrupts proto-oncogenes
Retroviridae
What are the enzymes required for Retroviridae?
Reverse Trancriptase - RNA to DNA to RNA
Integrase - integration of viral DNA into host’s genome
RNA Polymerase II - proteolytic cleavage during virion maturation
How does Retroviridae affect proto-oncogenes with onco-viruses?
Two ways:
Acutely Transforming Retrovirus - Faster - many virions released
Slowly Transforming Retrovirus - 1 virus infects genome and acts as an “ extra boost” gene
Name the Virus:
Infects poultry
Causes lymphoid leukosis and lymphoma
Avian sarcoma leucosis virus (ASLV or ALV)
“Onco-virus”
Retroviridae
Alpharetrovirus - Avian Leukosis
Name the Virus:
Infects sheeps and goats
Causes tumors in the nasal epithelium
Enzootic nasal tumor virus (ENTV)
“Onco-virus”
Retroviridae
Betaretrovirus - Enzootic nasal tumor virus
Name the Virus:
Infects sheep and goats
Causes contagious lung cancer
Onvine pulmonary adenocarcinomas - once symptoms arise its too fatal
Massive amounts of sputum
“Onco-virus”
Retroviridae
Betaretrovirus - Jaagsietke sheep retrovirus (JSRV)
Name the Virus:
Infects cattle
Causes enlargement of lymph nodes and protrusion of the conjunctival membrane
Bovine Leukosis
Retroviridae
Deltaretrovirus - Bovine Leukemia Virus (BLV)
Name the Virus:
Infects horses
Causes anemia, thrombocytopenia
Stable fly bites
Can be chronic
Must be reported in the US
Retroviridae
Lentivirus - Equine Infectious Anemia Virus (EIAV)
Name the Virus:
Infects Felids
Causes immunosupression, fever, risk to other infections
Direct contact, slaiva and nasal secretions
Vertical Transmissions
Asymtpmatics carriers are risks to others
Abortive, Regressive and Progressive Infections
“Onco-Virus”
Retroviridae
Gammeretrovirus - Feline Leukemia Virus (FeLV)
More progressive than FIV
Name the Virus:
Infects cats , endemic in African Lions
Saliva
Causes depletion in CD4 T cells MHC I , risk of secondary infections
Control - spay and neuter cats
Retroviridae
Lentivirus - Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV)
Name the Family:
linear ss- RNA
Helical nucleocapsid
Bullet-shaped
Negri Bodies in infected nerve cells - neurovirulent virus
Infects vertebrates and Invertebrates
Saliva
Everywhere except Antarctica and Australia
Rhabdoviridiae
Name the Virus:
Infects dogs, cats and bats , etc
causes severe Neuronal infection and behavioral changes
Slow moving virus
ZOONOTIC
No cure
Vaccine available
Rhabdoviridae
Lyssavirus - Rabies Virus
What are the three phases of a Rabies Virus?
Prodomal Phase
Furious Phase
Paralytic Phase
Name the Family:
segmented linear ss- RNA
Enveloped / Budding
Glycoprotein - NA = N ; HA = H
Causes
Influenza Virus A/B/C
Orthomyxoviridae
Name the Virus:
Direct contact
Two types: rare and common
Caused by Influenza Virus A and C
Vaccines available to protect from ZOONOTIC infections
Orthomyxoviridae
Swine Flu
Name the Family:
linear ss- RNA
Pleomoprhic or filamentous
Helical
Enveloped
Infects fruit bats, primates, some humans
Central Africa and S. Asia
Direct contact with body fluids
Filoviridae
Name the Virus:
causes haemorrhagic fever and death
Infects monocytes of the host
Filoviridae
Ebolavirus
Name the Virus:
Infects humans and primates
Causes haemorrhagic fever, petichia, severe blistering
Rare but highly virulent
ZOONOTIC
Filoviridae
Marburgvirus - Marburg haemorrhagic fever
Name the Family:
linear ds RNA
Double capsid
Non-Enveloped
Infects Vertebrates and Invertebrates
Fecal-oral route
“Respiratory enetric orphan”
Reoviridae
Name the Virus:
Infects sheep
athropod bites
high mortlity and morbidity
Torticollis
Reoviridae
Orbivirus - Bluetongue virus
Name the Virus:
Infects humans/children and young animals
fecal-oral
Causes acute gastroenteritis
Economic losses in piglets and calves
Reoviridae
Rota virus
Name the Family:
linear ss- RNA
Enveloped / Budding
Infects vertebrates and humans
resembles Orthomyxo
Paramyxoviridae
Name the Virus:
Infects puppies and canids
Highly infectious
Causes GI upset and attacks nervous system
Vaccine available - No cure
Can be asymptomatic
Paramyxoviridae
Morbilivirus - canine distemper
Name the Virus:
The 3 D’s - diarrhea, discharge and dead
Infects cattle
ZOONOTIC
Vaccine available
Globally eradicated - Measles virus
Paramyxoviridae
Morbilivirus - Reinderpest virus
Name the Virus:
Infects poultry and other birds
Highly infectious in unsanitary environments
Vaccines available
Parayxoviridae
Avulavirus - Newcastle Disease
Name the Family:
linear ss+ RNA
Enveloped with Peplomeres
Infects vertebrates and humans
Coronoviridae
Name the viruses in the Coroniviridae Family:
FECV
FIPV
TGEV
FECV - feline enteric coronavirus
FIPV - feline infectious peritonitus virus
TGEV - transmissable gastroenteritis virus swine
Name the Virus:
Two forms: FECV and FIPV
Infects felids
Asymtpomatic and symptomatic
Highly contagious
Coronaviridae
Alphacoronavirus - Feline coronavirus (FIP)
fecal-oral = asymptomatic
FECV 1st mutates to FIPV = death
Describe the difference between:
Dry (non-effusive) FIP
Wet (effusive) FIP
Dry = inappetance, anorexia, jaundice, neurological signs
Wet = leaking blood vessels, ascites and hypoxia/dyspnea
Name the Virus:
flu like symptoms
severe respiratory symptoms
recent china outbreak
Coronaviridae
Betacoronavirus - SARS coronavirus
Name the Virus:
Infects humans and some animals
Caused the Covid 19 pandemic
Antigenic drift within the virus
Coronaviridae
Betacoronavirus - SARS 2
Name the Family:
linear ss+ RNA
Enveloped
Icosahedral-like symmetry
Infects humans and mammals
Vectors = mosquitos and ticks
Flaviviridae
Name the Virus:
Infects birds but ZOONOTIC if animal is eaten
severe symptoms and death in horses
Human infection - asymptomatic
Causes encephalitis meningitis, meningoencephalitis, neuroinvasive disease
Flaviviridae
Flavivirus - West Nile Virus
Name the Virus:
Causes immunosuppression
Significant economic losses
Cytopathic and non cytopathic biotypes
(Non-Cyto to Cyto to Fatal Mucosal Disease)
Falviviridae
Pestivirus - Bovine viral diarrhea
Name the Virus:
Causes fever, rashes, joint pain and migraines
Moquitos and sexually transmitted
Flaviviridae
Flavivirus - Zika Virus
Name the Family:
linear ss+ RNA
Enveloped / Budding
Infects humans, mammals, mosquitos and birds
Enzootic and Epizootic
Includes Genus: Rubivirus (rubella) and Alphavirus (Chikigunya)
Togaviridae
Name the Virus:
Arthropod borne
ZOONOTIC
Infects birds, rodents, primates
Togaviridae
Arbovirus
Name the Virus:
linear ss+ RNA
Non-Enveloped
Cell-lysis
Infects vertebrates
Causes: enteroviruses, aphtoviruses, hepatoviruses, cardioviruses
Picornaviridae
Name the Virus:
1st discovered virus
Infects cattle, pigs, sheep and goats
Highly infectious - blisters on hands, mouth and feet
Endemic in Africa, Middle East and Asia
Picornoviridae
Aphtovirus - Foot and Mouth Virus
Name the Virus:
Infects humans (children)
fecal-oral
Affects nervous system - paralysis via deformities
Picornoviridae
Enterovirus - Poliovirus
Name the Family:
linear ss+ RNA
Non-Enveloped
Cell-lysis
not well studied and zero suitable animal models
Causes:
Vesivirus
Lagovirus
Norovirus
Calciviridae
