Vaccines

Question 1

Non-infectious Vs Infectious Vx

Answer 1

Non-infectious Vx
o Killed/bacterial
o Do not replicate in host

Infectious Vx
o MUST infect host to immunize
o Virus replicates in host
o Modified live / some recombinant
o Not as much boostering necessary

Question 2

Non-sterile Vs Sterile Immunity

Answer 2

Non-sterile
• Non-infectious Vx
• Reduce severity of dz
• Does not prevent infection
• Inactivated Vxs

Sterile
• No risk of clinical illness or shedding
• Attenuated Vxs

Question 3

Recombinant Vxs

Answer 3

o Limited rep in body
o Significant variability in immunogenicity & frequency of boostering

Question 4

Canine Core Vxs

Answer 4

o Distemper
o Adenovirus-2
o Parvovirus
o +/- influenza
o rabies

Question 5

Canine Distemper Vx

Answer 5

o Can use recombinant or modified live
o Recombinant may be able to immunize young dogs 2 wks earlier

Question 6

Canine Adenovirus-2 Vx

Answer 6

o Part of “kennel cough” respiratory complex
o Cross protects for Canine Adenovirus – 1 or hepatitis

Question 7

Canine Parainfluenza Vx

Answer 7

o Included in most combination vaccinations
o There is NO data on the morbidity of this virus
o Part of the “Kennel Cough Complex”
o Intranasal Vx recommended

Question 8

Canine Rabies Vx

Answer 8

o Incubation period of up to 6 months w/ exposure
o All dogs must be vaccinated after 12 weeks of age
o Revaccination of dogs if exceeds stipulated interval defined by applicable legal requirements
o BUT USUALLY
o First vaccine good for only 1 year, then 3 years depending on above and vaccine label
o Most states do not allow a medical exemption from vaccination

Question 9

Rabies Rules for Vx Schedule

Answer 9

o Overdue if more than 3ys w/ 3yr label or 1yr w/ 1 year label
o When overdue animal revaccinated immediately considered current & put on booster schedule

Question 10

Rabies Rules for Dog or Cat that Bites Human

Answer 10

Healthy dog/cat bites human (vaccinated or not)
• Quarantine 10-13 days

Unhealthy dog/cat or stray
• Consider euthanasia

Question 11

Rabies Rules for Dog/Cat Potentially Exposed to Rabid Animal

Answer 11

Vaccinated dog/cat
• 45 day observation

Never vaccinated
• euthanize immediately
• OR strict 4 month quarantine.
• Administer Vx w/in 96 hrs of exposure (or 6mo quarantine)

Overdue for vaccination WITH proof
• booster vx and observe for 45 days

Overdue for vx WITHOUT proof
• treat as unvaccinated,
• boost and quarantine for 4 months
• OR consider using serology (ASK public health dept!!)

Question 12

Canine Non-core Vxs

Answer 12

o Lepto
o Bordetella
o Lyme Dz
o Canine Influenza
o Crotalus atrox (rattlesnake)

Question 13

Canine Leptospirosis Vx

Answer 13

o Should be given at 12wks
o Use vaccine w/ 4 serovars
o If >18-24mo between vx restart 2 series vx

Question 14

Bordetella Vx

Answer 14

o Intranasal or PO
o Given to at risk dogs (dogs around other dogs)
o IN can be given at 3-4wks old
o PO given at 8wks old
o Not maternal antibody interference
o Antibiotics ruin efficacy of vx

Question 15

Canine Influenza Vx

Answer 15

o Given to at risk dogs (going to “hot spots”)
o Decreases dz severity
o 2 doses to dogs over 6wks 2-4wks apart
o booster annually

Question 16

Lyme Dz Vx

Answer 16

o Given to dogs in high risk tick areas (or travel)
o Prevention of ticks important

Question 17

Rattle Snake Vx

Answer 17

o protect against venom from Western Diamondback Rattlesnake
o Cross protection against eastern may exist
o Lack of evidence of efficacy
o High rate of side effects reported, but may be getting better

Question 18

Corona Virus Vx

Answer 18

o NOT RECOMMENDED
o Mild self limiting dz
o Vx provides little/no immunity

Question 19

Canine Tooth Eruption Times

Answer 19

o Upper middle incisors: 12-14 weeks
o Upper second incisors: 14-16 weeks
o Upper third incisors: 16-18 weeks
o Upper canines: erupt at 20 weeks and are fully in by 24 weeks

Question 20

Puppy Vx Protocol

Answer 20

DA2PP (Distemper, Adeno – 2, Parvo, +/-Parainfluenza)
• 8, 12, and 16 weeks.

Lepto
• 12 and 16 weeks for dogs at risk.

Rabies
• 16 weeks

1 year & 16wks
• DA2PP – 3 year
• Rabies – 3 year
• Lepto – 1 year

Question 21

Feline Core Vxs

Answer 21

o Feline Viral Rhinotracheitis Virus (Herpes)
o Calicivirus
o Panleukopenia Virus
o Rabies Virus

Question 22

Feline Viral Rhinotracheitis Vx (Herpes)

Answer 22

o Upper respiratory infection, conjunctivitis, keratitis
o Vx produces relative, not complete protection

Question 23

Feline Calicivirus Vx

Answer 23

o Upper respiratory infections and oral ulcers especially on tongue
o Vx Produces relative, not complete protection
o Vx can cause “limping kitten syndrome”

Question 24

Feline Panleukopenia Vx

Answer 24

o Can be caused by newer strains of Canine Parvovirus(CPV-2a,b,and c)
o Feline vaccine provides excellent protection

Question 25

Feline Rabies Vx

Answer 25

o Should be recommended for ALL cats due to risk of human exposure
o Recombinant Canary Pox Vaccine, 1 year and 3 year vaccines available
o 1 and 3 year killed product also available

Question 26

Feline Non-core Vxs

Answer 26

o Feline Leukemia Virus
o Chlamydia
o Bordetella

Question 27

Feline Leukemia Vx

Answer 27

o Kittens are more susceptible to disease
o Protection is not induced in all vaccinates
o AAFP highly recommends vaccinating ALL kittens
o Recombinant, adjuvant free vaccine available
o Only cats tested negative for FeLV should be vaccinated