Vaccines Flashcards
Non-infectious Vs Infectious Vx
Non-infectious Vx
o Killed/bacterial
o Do not replicate in host
Infectious Vx
o MUST infect host to immunize
o Virus replicates in host
o Modified live / some recombinant
o Not as much boostering necessary
Non-sterile Vs Sterile Immunity
Non-sterile
• Non-infectious Vx
• Reduce severity of dz
• Does not prevent infection
• Inactivated Vxs
Sterile
• No risk of clinical illness or shedding
• Attenuated Vxs
Recombinant Vxs
o Limited rep in body
o Significant variability in immunogenicity & frequency of boostering
Canine Core Vxs
o Distemper
o Adenovirus-2
o Parvovirus
o +/- influenza
o rabies
Canine Distemper Vx
o Can use recombinant or modified live
o Recombinant may be able to immunize young dogs 2 wks earlier
Canine Adenovirus-2 Vx
o Part of “kennel cough” respiratory complex
o Cross protects for Canine Adenovirus – 1 or hepatitis
Canine Parainfluenza Vx
o Included in most combination vaccinations
o There is NO data on the morbidity of this virus
o Part of the “Kennel Cough Complex”
o Intranasal Vx recommended
Canine Rabies Vx
o Incubation period of up to 6 months w/ exposure
o All dogs must be vaccinated after 12 weeks of age
o Revaccination of dogs if exceeds stipulated interval defined by applicable legal requirements
o BUT USUALLY
o First vaccine good for only 1 year, then 3 years depending on above and vaccine label
o Most states do not allow a medical exemption from vaccination
Rabies Rules for Vx Schedule
o Overdue if more than 3ys w/ 3yr label or 1yr w/ 1 year label
o When overdue animal revaccinated immediately considered current & put on booster schedule
Rabies Rules for Dog or Cat that Bites Human
Healthy dog/cat bites human (vaccinated or not)
• Quarantine 10-13 days
Unhealthy dog/cat or stray
• Consider euthanasia
Rabies Rules for Dog/Cat Potentially Exposed to Rabid Animal
Vaccinated dog/cat
• 45 day observation
Never vaccinated
• euthanize immediately
• OR strict 4 month quarantine.
• Administer Vx w/in 96 hrs of exposure (or 6mo quarantine)
Overdue for vaccination WITH proof
• booster vx and observe for 45 days
Overdue for vx WITHOUT proof
• treat as unvaccinated,
• boost and quarantine for 4 months
• OR consider using serology (ASK public health dept!!)
Canine Non-core Vxs
o Lepto
o Bordetella
o Lyme Dz
o Canine Influenza
o Crotalus atrox (rattlesnake)
Canine Leptospirosis Vx
o Should be given at 12wks
o Use vaccine w/ 4 serovars
o If >18-24mo between vx restart 2 series vx
Bordetella Vx
o Intranasal or PO
o Given to at risk dogs (dogs around other dogs)
o IN can be given at 3-4wks old
o PO given at 8wks old
o Not maternal antibody interference
o Antibiotics ruin efficacy of vx
Canine Influenza Vx
o Given to at risk dogs (going to “hot spots”)
o Decreases dz severity
o 2 doses to dogs over 6wks 2-4wks apart
o booster annually
Lyme Dz Vx
o Given to dogs in high risk tick areas (or travel)
o Prevention of ticks important
Rattle Snake Vx
o protect against venom from Western Diamondback Rattlesnake
o Cross protection against eastern may exist
o Lack of evidence of efficacy
o High rate of side effects reported, but may be getting better
Corona Virus Vx
o NOT RECOMMENDED
o Mild self limiting dz
o Vx provides little/no immunity
Canine Tooth Eruption Times
o Upper middle incisors: 12-14 weeks
o Upper second incisors: 14-16 weeks
o Upper third incisors: 16-18 weeks
o Upper canines: erupt at 20 weeks and are fully in by 24 weeks
Puppy Vx Protocol
DA2PP (Distemper, Adeno – 2, Parvo, +/-Parainfluenza)
• 8, 12, and 16 weeks.
Lepto
• 12 and 16 weeks for dogs at risk.
Rabies
• 16 weeks
1 year & 16wks
• DA2PP – 3 year
• Rabies – 3 year
• Lepto – 1 year
Feline Core Vxs
o Feline Viral Rhinotracheitis Virus (Herpes)
o Calicivirus
o Panleukopenia Virus
o Rabies Virus
Feline Viral Rhinotracheitis Vx (Herpes)
o Upper respiratory infection, conjunctivitis, keratitis
o Vx produces relative, not complete protection
Feline Calicivirus Vx
o Upper respiratory infections and oral ulcers especially on tongue
o Vx Produces relative, not complete protection
o Vx can cause “limping kitten syndrome”
Feline Panleukopenia Vx
o Can be caused by newer strains of Canine Parvovirus(CPV-2a,b,and c)
o Feline vaccine provides excellent protection
Feline Rabies Vx
o Should be recommended for ALL cats due to risk of human exposure
o Recombinant Canary Pox Vaccine, 1 year and 3 year vaccines available
o 1 and 3 year killed product also available
Feline Non-core Vxs
o Feline Leukemia Virus
o Chlamydia
o Bordetella
Feline Leukemia Vx
o Kittens are more susceptible to disease
o Protection is not induced in all vaccinates
o AAFP highly recommends vaccinating ALL kittens
o Recombinant, adjuvant free vaccine available
o Only cats tested negative for FeLV should be vaccinated
