vaccines Flashcards
What is an active immunity?
Occur via vaccination before host comes into contact with pathogens
What is passive immunity?
When host is exposed by pathogen directly, infuse antibodies and immunoglobulins to provide immediate protection
Types of vaccination
- Live attenuated
- Inactivated (whole, subunit, toxoid)
- Recombinant
Benefits of live attenuated vaccines
- Activates killer T cels
2. 1-2 dose(s) can procide lifelong immunity
limitations of live attenuated vaccines
- Must be refrigerated
2. Less safe for the immunocompromised
Example of live attenuated vaccines
Measles, mumps, rubella, varicella, rotavirus
Benefit of whole inactivated vaccine
- Easy to store and transport
2. Lower risk or causing infection
Limitation of whole inactivated vaccines
- Elicit weaker immune responses
2. May require several dose and boosters
Example of whole inactivated vaccines
Hep A, polio, rabies
Benefits of subunit inactivated vaccines
- Lower risk of ADR
2. Can be used in weaker immunity
Limitation of subunit inactivated vaccines
- Can be difficult to manufacture
2. May require boosters
Example of subunit inactivated vaccines
HepB, influenza, pertussis
Benefit of toxoid inactivated vaccines
- Unable to cause/spread disease
2. Stable and easy to distribute
Limitation of toxoid inactivated vaccines
may require booster
Example of toxoid inactivated vaccines
Tetanus, diphtheria
recombinant vaccine examples
Hep B, HPV
what are recombinant vaccines
subunit vaccines produced by genetically engineered microorganisms, may not contain actual virus but modified strains
Common vaccines for respiratory ROT
- Influenza, pneumococcus
- Meningococcus
- Diphtheria, pertussis
- Hemophilus influenza
- Measles, mumps, rubella
- Chickenpox
- BCG (TB)
Common vaccines for food and water ROT
- HepA
- Typhoid
- Cholera
- Rotavirus
Common vaccines for vector-borne ROT
- Yellow fever
- Japanese encephalitis
- Dengue
- Malaria (in development)
Common vaccines for blood and body fluids (sex,mother to child) ROT
- HepB
2. HPV
Common vaccines for contact (bites/cuts) ROT
- Tetanus
- Rabies
- Shingles
General ADR of vaccines
Mild & common: pain at injection site, HA, myalgia
Uncommon: fever, hematoma
Severe but rare: anaphylaxis, hypersensitivity
CI of vaccines
- Allergy to compound
- Moderate/ severe illness (fever >38)
- Bleeding risk (on anti coag or low platelet count; take precaution)
- Pregnancy (avoid live vacc)
- Immunocompromised (avoid live vacc)
