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vaccines Flashcards

1
Q

What is an active immunity?

A

Occur via vaccination before host comes into contact with pathogens

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2
Q

What is passive immunity?

A

When host is exposed by pathogen directly, infuse antibodies and immunoglobulins to provide immediate protection

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3
Q

Types of vaccination

A
  1. Live attenuated
  2. Inactivated (whole, subunit, toxoid)
  3. Recombinant
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4
Q

Benefits of live attenuated vaccines

A
  1. Activates killer T cels

2. 1-2 dose(s) can procide lifelong immunity

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5
Q

limitations of live attenuated vaccines

A
  1. Must be refrigerated

2. Less safe for the immunocompromised

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6
Q

Example of live attenuated vaccines

A

Measles, mumps, rubella, varicella, rotavirus

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7
Q

Benefit of whole inactivated vaccine

A
  1. Easy to store and transport

2. Lower risk or causing infection

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8
Q

Limitation of whole inactivated vaccines

A
  1. Elicit weaker immune responses

2. May require several dose and boosters

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9
Q

Example of whole inactivated vaccines

A

Hep A, polio, rabies

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10
Q

Benefits of subunit inactivated vaccines

A
  1. Lower risk of ADR

2. Can be used in weaker immunity

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11
Q

Limitation of subunit inactivated vaccines

A
  1. Can be difficult to manufacture

2. May require boosters

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12
Q

Example of subunit inactivated vaccines

A

HepB, influenza, pertussis

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13
Q

Benefit of toxoid inactivated vaccines

A
  1. Unable to cause/spread disease

2. Stable and easy to distribute

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14
Q

Limitation of toxoid inactivated vaccines

A

may require booster

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15
Q

Example of toxoid inactivated vaccines

A

Tetanus, diphtheria

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16
Q

recombinant vaccine examples

A

Hep B, HPV

17
Q

what are recombinant vaccines

A

subunit vaccines produced by genetically engineered microorganisms, may not contain actual virus but modified strains

18
Q

Common vaccines for respiratory ROT

A
  1. Influenza, pneumococcus
  2. Meningococcus
  3. Diphtheria, pertussis
  4. Hemophilus influenza
  5. Measles, mumps, rubella
  6. Chickenpox
  7. BCG (TB)
19
Q

Common vaccines for food and water ROT

A
  1. HepA
  2. Typhoid
  3. Cholera
  4. Rotavirus
20
Q

Common vaccines for vector-borne ROT

A
  1. Yellow fever
  2. Japanese encephalitis
  3. Dengue
  4. Malaria (in development)
21
Q

Common vaccines for blood and body fluids (sex,mother to child) ROT

A
  1. HepB

2. HPV

22
Q

Common vaccines for contact (bites/cuts) ROT

A
  1. Tetanus
  2. Rabies
  3. Shingles
23
Q

General ADR of vaccines

A

Mild & common: pain at injection site, HA, myalgia
Uncommon: fever, hematoma
Severe but rare: anaphylaxis, hypersensitivity

24
Q

CI of vaccines

A
  1. Allergy to compound
  2. Moderate/ severe illness (fever >38)
  3. Bleeding risk (on anti coag or low platelet count; take precaution)
  4. Pregnancy (avoid live vacc)
  5. Immunocompromised (avoid live vacc)
25
Q

Bacillus calmette guérin BCG dose

A

D1: at birth

26
Q

HepB dose

A

D1: at birth
D2: 2mth
D3: 6mth

> 18yo: 3 doses

27
Q

Diphtheria, Tetanus, acellular Pertussis DTap dose

A

D1: 2mth
D2: 4mth
D3: 6mth
B1: 18mth

28
Q

Tentanus, reduced diphtheria, acellular pertussis Tdap dose

A

B2: 10-11yo

> 18yo: 1 dose during each pregnancy

29
Q

Inactivated poliovirus IPV dose

A 
D1: 2mth
D2: 4mth
D3: 6mth
B1: 18mth
B2: 10-11yo
30
Q

Haemophilius influenzae type b Hib dose

A

D1: 2mth
D2: 4mth
D3: 6mth
B1: 18mth

31
Q

Pneumococcal conjugate PCV10 or PCV13 dose

A

D1: 4mth
D2: 6mth
B1: 12mth

> 18yo: 1dose

32
Q

pneumococcal polysaccharide PPSV23 dose

A

1-2 dose for children and adolescents age 2-17yo with specific medical condition or indication

18-64yo: 1-2 dose depending on indication
>= 65yo: 1 dose

33
Q

Measles, Mumps, Rubella (MMR) & varicella dose

A

D1: 12mth
D2: 15mth

> 18yo: 2 doses

34
Q

Human papillomavirus HPV2 or HPV4 dose

A

D1: 12-13yo (females)
D2: 13-14yo (females)

18-26yo: 3doses (females)

35
Q

Influenza INF dose

A
  • Annual vaccination/ per season for all children age 6mth-5yo (5-17yo for children with specific medical condition or indication)
  • > 18 yo : 1 dose annually/season

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