Vaccine types

Question 1

weaken live microorganism by ageing it/altering its growth conditions. often no booster required. not recommended for immunocompromised patients

Answer 1

Live Attenuated Vaccines

Question 2

killing microbe with chemicals/heat/radiation.inactivated microbial exotoxin. purified fractions of microorganism. stimulate weak immune response. require adjuvant/several boosters

Answer 2

Inactivated Vaccines

Question 3

uses only antigenic part of organism: capsule/flagella/part of protein wall. weak immune response. requires boosters. safe for immunocompromised patients

Answer 3

Acellular vaccines

Question 4

bacterial toxin is main cause of illness. toxin inactivated by formalin. low level immune response. requires adjuvant/booster

Answer 4

Toxoid vaccines

Question 5

use organism similar to virulent organism but doesn’t cause disease

Answer 5

Vaccines using related organisms

Question 6

use only antigens that stimulate the immune system-sometimes epitopes. contain many antigen types so if they adapt still likely some will match. safe for immunocompromised patients

Answer 6

Subunit vaccines

Question 7

links antigens/toxoids from microbe that infant immune system cant recognise to the polysaccharide.

Answer 7

Conjugate vaccines

Question 8

use genes from microbe’s antigens-some cells take up DNA, some make antigen molecules and secrete and display on cell surface. Strong antibody/cellular responses.

Answer 8

DNA vaccines