Vaccine and Immune System

Question 1

What cell type is the link between the innate and adaptive immune system

Answer 1

Dendritic cell

Question 2

What 3 signals are given to naive T cells from DCs

Answer 2

Antigen presentation
Co-stimulatory molecules
Cytokines

Question 3

What is the cytokine responsible for Th2 differentiation?

Answer 3

IL-4

Question 4

What type of cells give the protection in vaccines

Answer 4

Activated adaptive cells

Question 5

2 functions of the cytokines released by CD4 helper T cells

Answer 5

Help B cells make antibody

Help CTLs kill

Question 6

4 functions of antibodies

Answer 6

Neutralization
Opsonization
Complement activation
NK activation

Question 7

Infection vs Disease

Answer 7

Infection: Evades innate, but slower than adaptive (infection has taken hold, but may not be symptoms)
Disease: Evades innate and is faster than adaptive, but slow enough for adaptive to catch up

Question 8

5 types of vaccines

Answer 8

Live, attenuated vaccines
Inactivated vaccines
Subunit vaccines
Toxoid vaccines
Conjugate vaccines

Question 9

Conjugate vaccines

Answer 9

Linking a protein to the polysaccharide provides T cell help

Increases responses in young children (now its T dependent)

Question 10

Adjuvants

Answer 10

Can increase the immunogenicity of vaccines
Reduce the dose of antigen required for effectiveness
Broaden the repertoire of antibody responses
Modulate the phenotype of T cell responses

Question 11

Which 2 signals of the innate system do the adjuvants help with?

Answer 11

Costimulatory molecules

Cytokines